【阳民教书笔记:AN2制度演化理论】
1,诸如财产权和其他我们在经济领域讨论的社会规则等在内的经济制度都是政治制度的衍生物,这就是我们为什么不能理解为什么很好的市场体制在中国很难发挥“市场”作用的原因所致。
原文:Economic institutions—property rights and other social rules that we talk about in economics—are derivative of political institutions…
2,我们首先拥有的是信念系统,并转化为创建制度,但这些制度非常复杂,包括规则、规范、社会秩序与实施细则等。
原文:What we have first is belief systems, which then translate into creating institutions, but even that is complicated because institutions are rules, norms, social order, and enforcement characteristics.
3,我们不仅要理解我们生存的这个世界,而且还要理解它的演化发展,这就需要我们不得不时刻保持理解这个复杂而不完备过程的方方面面。
原文:The process of surviving in the world we live in not only means that we must understand the world, but as it keeps evolving, we must keep on changing our understanding and adjusting so that we can keep up with it—a very complex process, always imperfectly done.
4,如同破产法是市场用以淘汰和保护商业失败一样,我们的社会也需要一个很好的机制淘汰和保护政治失败,因此,阳民认为,政治竞争规则不仅是淘汰腐败、堕落、愚蠢的政治对手,更是保护政治对手的最佳方案。
原文:Bankruptcy laws are a good example of a structure that helps markets weed out commercial failures. Similarly, in order to function properly, a society must have a way to eliminate failed political experiments.
5,当我们创造政策、组织和制度解决这些新问题的社会,我们也创造了既得利益,并有试图延续这些既得利益的强大结构,甚至使得新结构根本无法很好的运作。
原文:when we create policies, organizations, and institutions to address new problems, we also create vested interests, and there will be attempts to perpetuate them even if the new structure does not work well…….