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A Study of industrial technique and businnes
organization; and of their influences on the
condition of various classes and nations

Alfred Marshall

The Many in the one, and he one in the many

Contents
Preface ...........................................................................................................................7
Book One: Some Origins of Present Problems of Industry and Trade ...................... 11
Chapter 1: Introductory Observations ......................................................................... 12
Chapter 2: Some General Relations Between Industry and Trade ............................... 20
Chapter 3: Foundations of England’s Industrial Leadership. Her Drift Towards Massive
Production ........................................................................................................ 33
Chapter 4: Britain’s Industrial Leadership: Its Long Freedom from Challenge ............ 47
Chapter 5: Britain’s Industrial Leadership under Strong Challenge.............................. 64
Chapter 6: The Industrial Leadership of France. Individuality and Refinement in Production
..................................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 7: The Industrial Leadership of Germany: Science in the Service of Industry85
Chapter 8: The Industrial Leadership of the United States: Multiform Standardization97
Chapter 9: Transition to Present Problems of Industry and Trade ............................ 112
Book Two: Dominant Tendencies of Business Organization .................................... 122
Chapter 1: The Adjustment of Production to Demand in an Open Market ................ 123
Chapter 2: Debts of Industrial Technique to Systematic Record and to Standardization . 136
Chapter 3: Some Technical Influences on the Size of the Representative Business Unit .. 146
Chapter 4: Further Technical Influences on the Size of the Business Unit ................. 159
Chapter 5: Constructive Speculation. Organized Produce Markets ........................... 168
Chapter 6: Some Broad Problems of General Marketing .......................................... 179
Chapter 7: Problems of General Marketing Continued: Massive Retail Trade ........... 192
Chapter 8: Business Organization: The Growth and Influence of Joint Stock Companies
......................................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 9: Business Organization: Its Financial Basis ............................................... 215
Chapter 10: Business Organization. Its Tasks and Requirements of Faculty ............. 228
Chapter 11: Business Organization: Applications of Scientific Method ..................... 237
Chapter 12: Business Organization: Applications of Scientific Method, Continued .. 246
Book Three: Monopolistic Tendencies: Their Relations to Public Well-being ......... 255
Chapter 1: Various Influences of Monopoly on Prices .............................................. 256
Chapter 2: Various Influences of Monopoly on Prices, Continued ........................... 266
Chapter 3: Competition and Monopoly in Transport ................................................. 274
Chapter 4: Competition and Monopoly in Transport, Continued .............................. 287
Chapter 5: Competition and Monopoly in Transport, Continued .............................. 301
Chapter 6: Competition and Monopoly in Transport, Continued .............................. 311
Chapter 7: Trusts and Cartels: American Experience ................................................. 326
Chapter 8: Trusts and Cartels: American Experience, Continued .............................. 339
Chapter 9: Trusts and Cartels: German Experience ................................................... 349
Chapter 10: Trusts and Cartels: German Experience, Continued ............................... 361
Chapter 11: Aggregation, Federation, and Cooperation in Britain’s Industry and Trade ... 367
Chapter 12: Aggregation, Federation, and Cooperation in British Industry and Trade,
Continued ............................................................................................................... 380
Chapter 13: Aggregation, Federation, and Cooperation in British Industry and Trade,
Continued ............................................................................................................... 392
Chapter 14: The Decline of Exclusive Class Advantages in Industry ........................ 401

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