我有个问题，在这里提出，希望有识之士可以相助。在下不胜感激。

曼昆在第二章中，写GDP概念的时候，提到了一个很重要的注意方面：

The Treatment of Inventories

Imagine that a bakery hires workers to produce
more bread, pays their wages, and then fails to sell the additional bread. How
does this transaction affect GDP?
The answer depends on what happens to the unsold bread. Let’s first suppose
that the bread spoils. In this case, the firm has paid more in wages but has not received
any additional revenue, so the firm’s profit is reduced by the amount that
wages are increased.Total expenditure in the economy hasn’t changed because
no one buys the bread.Total income hasn’t changed either—although more is
distributed as wages and less as profit. Because the transaction affects neither expenditure
nor income, it does not alter GDP.
Now suppose, instead, that the bread is put into inventory to be sold later. In
this case, the transaction is treated differently. The owners of the firm are assumed
to have “purchased”the bread for the firm’s inventory, and the firm’s profit is notreduced by the additional wages it has paid. Because the higher wages raise total
income, and greater spending on inventory raises total expenditure, the economy’s
GDP rises.

厂家就相当于消费者的角色，是支出，而劳动者是收入方。这好像和我们平时的理解不一样，以为工人是消费者，厂家是收入方。总结出一点就是，有一笔收入，有与之对应的一笔支出的部分才能被算入GDP或者GNP,我这种理解，大家怎么看？

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-14 11:13:50编辑过]

GDP的核算方法有三种：生产法、收入法与支出法。

我认为最后一句话是分别从后两种方法分别论述。

你去看一下中文版的这段，就理解了！

对于面包存货的两种情况，第一，如果面包坏了，没卖出去，把厂商和所雇用的工人还有消费者作为一个整体来考虑，则无非是厂商多付了工资，而减少了利润，对于消费者来说，并没有扩大消费，而对于厂商和雇佣工人这个整体来说，实质上只不过是利润的重新分配而已，也没有增加社会总收入，因此GDP没有变化

第二，如果存货留着以后再卖，相当于厂商自己掏钱把这部分存货买下了，而且为这个购买所支出的就是多付给工人的工资，但厂商的利润并没有减少，因此总的收入提高了，而总的支出也相应提高了，因此整个GDP上升了

其实2楼回答是正解！