Contents
Hinterkaspien
Introduction and executive summary
The Caspian region
Overview
Recent transitions
Striving for energy security
An area of geopolitical importance
Changing livelihoods in the eastern Caspian region
Natural capital, energy resources, and wealth distribution
New opportunities or a gloomy outlook?
Environmental degradation and security
Environmental consequences of oil and gas development
Legacy of the military-industrial complex
Freshwater
Marine resources and biodiversity
Fluctuating sea level and natural hazards
Conclusions
Conclusions and recommendations
Possible actions under the Environment and Security Initiative
Annex
Bibliography and references
Endnotes