以下是引用woxinqiang在2009-4-21 14:58:00的发言:
作为作者的分析来说,原有的研究寻租的文献主要是集中于对于寻租的静态分析,认为寻租是属于非生产性的寻租,这其实也是一个短期的看法,寻租其实也存在一个效益的衡量问题,具体的要看寻租的成本与收益,因该租金的值有一个点。在那个点之后,寻租就不划算了。第二,原有的分析其时是一个静态的分析,如果从动态的角度来讲,如果我的寻租是为了获得破坏性的毁灭创新,最后对整个社会有利,提高了整个社会的福利。那么我的寻租就是有道理的,这对于长远的分析来说是具有说服力的。
我从另一个层面上来说,其实寻租的目的是国家和企业(你的里面提到的两点)一个为了工业化,积累资本的过程(生产性的寻租,从长远看是有利的)。你的解释是源自于国家的寻租和企业的寻租,才有了国家的资本积累,从而推动技术创新和组织等制度方面的创新,从宏观整体来看,它是一个全社会受益的过程,但是对于单个利益主体来说,却可能造成很多的问题如利益的分配问题和寻租过程中的腐败问题等,如果这个坏的影响方面不能得到有效的消除,可能导致国家政策的失败,最终导致经济发展政策的失败。因此这个东西你怎么解释呢?还有破坏性的毁灭所带来的社会性的问题,这也是一个成本,其实也是需要考虑的。科技的进步对人的替代,可能会导致社会的动荡,又会影响社会的进步
另外你的租从哪里来呢?因为就全社会来说,租金的总量是一定的。除非技术的进步,带来的效率的提高。西方早期的租金是怎么来的?马克思的研究是具有一定的说服力的。另外还有一种不同的模式。期待和你的深入交谈。
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谢谢你的评论!你对拙文的把握非常到位。 
MSV(1993)的文章很“霸道”地问道“Why Rent Seeking Is So Costly to Grow?”,一口咬定寻租对于社会发展是有害的。他们举了一些失败的例子,比如赤道几内亚的例子。但是历史总是跟我们开玩笑,我们可以同样可以找到许多成功国家的例子,几乎包括今天所有的发达国家,都是通过产业和政府“合谋”的方式提升竞争力的。所以,对待寻租与发展问题,应该需要其他的视角。只要政府和企业以“国富强民(兵)”为目标(明治天皇、毛泽东、朴正熙将军等),政企关系就可能不仅是分配经典租金的问题了(比如腐败)。本文的proposall给了以经济史为研究重点的发展经济学家Ha-Joon Chang看,他说“we share the same position”。 
“租”有两个来源:一是关税收入,二是消费者剩余。将“租”转移给更具生产潜力的企业家,从长期来看,对于一国的经济发展更有利。而且,这也是许多国家曾采用的办法,对外高额关税、对内压低消费,实现资本积累。 
恐怕光从“西方”这个整体来看,比较难说清楚租金来源。除非把西方当作发达的整体,或者“中心”,通过抽取“外围”国家的剩余,才能比较好的解释“西方”的兴起。或者,换个角度,西方内部民族国家之间也存在着激烈竞争。 
这篇文章从一开始就是设置在一个不均衡发展的世界体系里。不均衡发展理论,李斯特、马克思和熊彼特等人都是在德国经济学传统里面,和英国经济学传统有了很大的不同。德国经济学传统有关发展问题的论述,包括生产力理论、经济发展阶段论等。这个传统里面的经济学家,还包括桑巴特(“中心--外围”理论的最初贡献者),辛格(“普列维什——辛格”命题的贡献者之一,而且普列维什是“中心--外围”的集大成者)。 
我设计的四阶段模型,表达如下寻租过程: 
  
At stage 1, the periphery is an autarky economy and there is no international trade. Only one profit-maximizing monopolist in the periphery supplies the whole manufacturing products. She utilizes the available technology at hand and organizes production base on marginal principle. Since the technology she uses is lagged behind, the equilibrium price of the autarky is higher than the world price. At stage 2, the center countries find and then exploit the periphery market and international trade occurs between the center and the periphery under a free trade regime. As the world market price of manufacturing good is lower than the equilibrium price of stage 1, the center exports the manufactures to the periphery. The monopolist in the periphery has to take the lower world market price and loses in both of her outputs and profits. Under the new equilibrium, although the demand of the periphery and the total welfare of the world increased, the shrinking profits of its monopolist make she be in a situation of lacking funds for investing in technological progress, so the technological catch-up would be postponed. Oppositely, the center enjoys the profits from the new market and can make further investment in updating its technological progress. As a result, under a free trade regime, the world system would be kept as a ‘center-periphery’ schema in a way of self-enforcement. A worse situation is that the monopoly of the periphery may exit the market and the periphery becomes a ‘dependent’ economy. Meanwhile, the periphery records trade deficits. 
 
For the sake of protecting her profits, the monopolist of the periphery invests partial of her resources in seeking governmental protective policies against her foreign rivals. Through the monopolist’s rent-seeking activity, a collusive contract of the entrepreneur and bureaucrats is made up at stage 3. The costs of rent-seeking are the transaction costs of contracting, and suppose the entrepreneur shoulders the whole of them. According to the contract, the government imposes a protective tariff on imports, and distributes a share of the tariff income to the entrepreneur for funding, or subsidizing, innovations the entrepreneur is going to make. This share of redistribution income is a kind of innovation subsidy from government to the entrepreneur.
 
Benefited from the contract of stage 3, then at stage 4, the entrepreneur of the periphery take innovative activities for technological catch-up with her retained profits and the government subsidy. Although the innovation is risky, but the expectation of productivity would be higher that fills the technological gap between the center and the periphery. This analysis of stage 3 is the crux of this model and makes the following novelties. Firstly, rent-seeking a method for accumulating funds for innovation which is likely to enhance productivity, so it breaks the taxonomy of rent-seeking activity and production activity. Secondly, rent-seeking and the government regulations cause welfare loss as the Neo-classical rent-seeking theory argues, but after the entrepreneur’s innovative adventure at stage 4, the social welfare of the periphery would be increased if the supply of manufacturing products expand due to the new technology. This makes rent-seeking activity no longer ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Thirdly, the most important point, stage 3 is a process of ‘infant industry protection’ advocated by Friedrich List (1841), and stage 4 follow a Joseph Schumpeter’s innovation theory (Schumpeter, 1934). Here we come to the proposition of this paper: 
After the above 4 stages, if the firm in the periphery gains progress in productivity and realizes the technological catch up with the center, then the development ideas of List and Schumpeter are relevant. 
ps:马克思、熊彼特和辛格都曾在波恩大学学习或者教学过,但是现在波恩大学丝毫好不到他们的痕迹,除了“杰出校友”的宣传小册子。 
你说的马克思的另外一个模式,愿闻其详!xiaoyangruc@163.com,期待深入探讨! 
再次感谢!
 [此贴子已经被作者于2009-4-21 17:54:39编辑过]