墨尔本大学R新手教程

243212689

1826

收藏 2016-02-28

[size=10.000000pt]1 Introduction [size=10.000000pt]7
- [size=10.000000pt]1.1 R[size=10.000000pt]................................................. 7
- [size=10.000000pt]1.2 HelloWorld [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 7
- [size=10.000000pt]1.3 WhyR? [size=10.000000pt]............................................. 8
- [size=10.000000pt]1.4 WhynotR?[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 8
- [size=10.000000pt]1.5 TheOpenSourceIdeal [size=10.000000pt]..................................... 9
- [size=10.000000pt]1.6 UsingthisDocument [size=10.000000pt]...................................... 9
- [size=10.000000pt]1.7 BeingOrganized[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 10
- [size=10.000000pt]1.8 GettingStarted [size=10.000000pt]......................................... 10
- [size=10.000000pt]1.9 Stopping[size=10.000000pt]............................................. 10
- [size=10.000000pt]1.10 WorkingDirectory[size=10.000000pt]........................................ 10
- [size=10.000000pt]1.11 Conventions [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 11
- [size=10.000000pt]1.12 Acknowledgments [size=10.000000pt]........................................ 11
[size=10.000000pt]2 Quickstart [size=10.000000pt]12
[size=10.000000pt]3 Showcase [size=10.000000pt]13

[size=10.000000pt]3.13.23.3
[size=10.000000pt]3.43.53.6

[size=10.000000pt]GettingReady[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 13[size=10.000000pt]DataInput[size=10.000000pt]............................................ 13[size=10.000000pt]DataStructure[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 13
[size=10.000000pt]3.3.1 Manipulation[size=10.000000pt]....................................... 14[size=10.000000pt]3.3.2 DataSummaries [size=10.000000pt]..................................... 14[size=10.000000pt]3.3.3 ConditionalEstimates [size=10.000000pt].................................. 15
[size=10.000000pt]Models[size=10.000000pt].............................................. 16[size=10.000000pt]Functions[size=10.000000pt]............................................. 19[size=10.000000pt]PlotLevelProcessing[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 20

[size=10.000000pt]4 Infrastructure [size=10.000000pt]24

[size=10.000000pt]4.1
[size=10.000000pt]4.24.34.4

[size=10.000000pt]GettingHelp[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 24[size=10.000000pt]4.1.1 Locally [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 24[size=10.000000pt]4.1.2 Remotely [size=10.000000pt]......................................... 25
[size=10.000000pt]Writingscripts[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 26[size=10.000000pt]WorkSpaces[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 26[size=10.000000pt]History[size=10.000000pt].............................................. 27

[size=10.000000pt]5 Interface [size=10.000000pt]28[size=10.000000pt]5.1 ImportingandExportingData[size=10.000000pt]................................. 28[size=10.000000pt]5.1.1 Import[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 29[size=10.000000pt]5.1.2 Export[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 30
[size=10.000000pt]6 Data [size=10.000000pt]31

[size=10.000000pt]6.16.2

[size=10.000000pt]Data:ObjectsandClasses [size=10.000000pt]................................... 31
[size=10.000000pt]ClassesofData [size=10.000000pt]......................................... 32[size=10.000000pt]6.2.1 Numeric[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 32[size=10.000000pt]6.2.2 Character[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 33[size=10.000000pt]6.2.3 Factor[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 33

[size=10.000000pt]2

[size=10.000000pt]cba

[size=10.000000pt]icebreakeR

[size=10.000000pt]6.3
[size=10.000000pt]6.46.56.6

[size=10.000000pt]6.2.4 Logical [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 34[size=10.000000pt]6.2.5 MissingData [size=10.000000pt]....................................... 34[size=10.000000pt]StructuresforData [size=10.000000pt]....................................... 35[size=10.000000pt]6.3.1 Vector[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 35[size=10.000000pt]6.3.2 Dataframe[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 37[size=10.000000pt]6.3.3 Matrix(Array)[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 40[size=10.000000pt]6.3.4 List [size=10.000000pt]............................................ 41[size=10.000000pt]MergingData [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 42[size=10.000000pt]ReshapingData[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 43[size=10.000000pt]SortingData[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 43

[size=10.000000pt]7 Simple Descriptions [size=10.000000pt]45[size=10.000000pt]7.1 Univariate [size=10.000000pt]............................................ 45[size=10.000000pt]7.1.1 Numerical[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 45[size=10.000000pt]7.1.2 Categorical [size=10.000000pt]........................................ 46[size=10.000000pt]7.2 Multivariate [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 48[size=10.000000pt]7.2.1 Numerical/Numerical [size=10.000000pt].................................. 48[size=10.000000pt]7.2.2 Numerical/Categorical[size=10.000000pt].................................. 48[size=10.000000pt]7.2.3 Categorical/Categorical [size=10.000000pt]................................. 48
[size=10.000000pt]8 Graphics [size=10.000000pt]50[size=10.000000pt]8.1 OrganizationParameters [size=10.000000pt].................................... 50[size=10.000000pt]8.2 GraphicalAugmentation [size=10.000000pt].................................... 52[size=10.000000pt]8.3 Permanence [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 53[size=10.000000pt]8.4 Upgrades[size=10.000000pt]............................................. 54[size=10.000000pt]8.5 CommonChallenges[size=10.000000pt]....................................... 54
[size=10.000000pt]8.5.1 ErrorBars [size=10.000000pt]........................................ 54
[size=10.000000pt]8.5.2 Colourgraphicsbygroups[size=10.000000pt]................................ 55[size=10.000000pt]8.6 Contributions [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 56[size=10.000000pt]8.6.1 Trellis[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 56[size=10.000000pt]8.6.2 GrammarofGraphics [size=10.000000pt].................................. 59
[size=10.000000pt]9 Linear Regression [size=10.000000pt]61[size=10.000000pt]9.1 Preparation [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 61[size=10.000000pt]9.2 Fitting[size=10.000000pt].............................................. 63[size=10.000000pt]9.3 Diagnostics[size=10.000000pt]............................................ 63[size=10.000000pt]9.4 OtherTools [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 65[size=10.000000pt]9.5 ExaminingtheModel[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 65[size=10.000000pt]9.6 OtherAngles[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 67[size=10.000000pt]9.7 OtherModels [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 68[size=10.000000pt]9.8 Collinearity [size=10.000000pt]........................................... 68[size=10.000000pt]9.9 Weights[size=10.000000pt].............................................. 68[size=10.000000pt]9.10 Transformations[size=10.000000pt]......................................... 69[size=10.000000pt]9.11 TestingSpecificEffects [size=10.000000pt]..................................... 69[size=10.000000pt]9.12 OtherWaysofFitting[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 70
[size=10.000000pt]10 Bootstrap [size=10.000000pt]72

[size=10.000000pt]10.110.2
[size=10.000000pt]10.3
[size=10.000000pt]11.1 Non-linearmodels[size=10.000000pt]........................................ 83

[size=10.000000pt]Introduction[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 72
[size=10.000000pt]Bootstrap [size=10.000000pt]............................................ 72[size=10.000000pt]10.2.1 TheBasicIdea [size=10.000000pt]...................................... 72[size=10.000000pt]10.2.2 FormalImplementation [size=10.000000pt]................................. 74[size=10.000000pt]10.2.3 ImprovementsontheTheme [size=10.000000pt].............................. 76[size=10.000000pt]10.2.4 Diagnostics [size=10.000000pt]........................................ 76[size=10.000000pt]10.2.5Extensions [size=10.000000pt]........................................ 77[size=10.000000pt]10.2.6Wrap–up [size=10.000000pt]......................................... 77

[size=10.000000pt]ACaseStudy [size=10.000000pt].......................................... 77[size=10.000000pt]11 Modelling, but not as We Know It [size=10.000000pt]83

[size=10.000000pt]3

[size=10.000000pt]c b a [size=10.000000pt]icebreakeR

[size=10.000000pt]11.1.1Onetree[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 85[size=10.000000pt]11.2 Splines[size=10.000000pt].............................................. 87[size=10.000000pt]11.2.1 CubicSpline [size=10.000000pt]....................................... 87[size=10.000000pt]11.2.2 AdditiveModel[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 88
[size=10.000000pt]12 Hierarchical Models [size=10.000000pt]91

[size=10.000000pt]12.1
[size=10.000000pt]12.2
[size=10.000000pt]12.3
[size=10.000000pt]12.4
[size=10.000000pt]12.5
[size=10.000000pt]12.6
[size=10.000000pt]12.7

[size=10.000000pt]Introduction[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 91[size=10.000000pt]12.1.1Methodological[size=10.000000pt]...................................... 91[size=10.000000pt]12.1.2General[size=10.000000pt].......................................... 91
[size=10.000000pt]SomeTheory[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 92[size=10.000000pt]12.2.1Effects[size=10.000000pt]........................................... 92[size=10.000000pt]12.2.2 ModelConstruction [size=10.000000pt]................................... 93[size=10.000000pt]12.2.3Dilemma [size=10.000000pt]......................................... 95[size=10.000000pt]12.2.4 Decomposition [size=10.000000pt]...................................... 97
[size=10.000000pt]ASimpleExample[size=10.000000pt]........................................ 97[size=10.000000pt]12.3.1 The Deep End [size=10.000000pt]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102[size=10.000000pt]12.3.2 MaximumLikelihood[size=10.000000pt]................................... 102[size=10.000000pt]12.3.3 RestrictedMaximumLikelihood [size=10.000000pt]............................ 103
[size=10.000000pt]CaseStudy[size=10.000000pt]............................................ 104[size=10.000000pt]12.4.1 Stage Data [size=10.000000pt]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104[size=10.000000pt]12.4.2 Extensionstothemodel[size=10.000000pt]................................. 121
Bibliography

[size=10.000000pt]A Extensibility [size=10.000000pt]158