[原创]Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic的The Construction of Preference

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[local]1[/local][local]1[/local][local]1[/local]Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic编的《The Construction of Preference》，cambridge university press，790页The discussion of the meaning of preference and the status of value may be illuminated by the well-known exchange among three baseball umpires. “I call them as I see them,” said the ﬁrst. “I call them as they are,” said the second. The third disagreed, “They ain’t nothing till I call them.” Analogously, we can describe three different views regarding the nature of values. First, values exist – like body temperature – and people perceive and report them as best they can, possibly with bias (I call them as I see them). Second, people know their values and preferences directly – as they know the multiplication table (I call them as they are). Third, values or preferences are commonly constructed in the process of elicitation (they ain’t nothing till I call them).The research reviewedin this article ismost compatiblewith the thirdviewofpreference as a constructive context-dependent process.Contributors page xi Preface xv Cass R. Sunstein Acknowledgments xvii I INTRODUCTION 1 The Construction of Preference: An Overview 1 Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic II PREFERENCE REVERSALS 2 Relative Importance of Probabilities and Payoffs in Risk Taking 41 Paul Slovic and Sarah Lichtenstein 3 Reversals of Preference Between Bids and Choices in Gambling Decisions 52 Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic 4 Response-Induced Reversals of Preference in Gambling: An Extended Replication in Las Vegas 69 Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic 5 Economic Theory of Choice and the Preference Reversal Phenomenon 77 David M. Grether and Charles R. Plott III PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF PREFERENCE REVERSALS 6 Contingent Weighting in Judgment and Choice 95 Amos Tversky, Samuel Sattath, and Paul Slovic 7 Cognitive Processes in Preference Reversals 122 David A. Schkade and Eric J. Johnson 8 The Causes of Preference Reversal 146 Amos Tversky, Paul Slovic, and Daniel Kahneman viiP1: JZZ 0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32 viii Contents 9 Preference Reversals Between Joint and Separate Evaluations of Options: A Review and Theoretical Analysis 163 Christopher K. Hsee, George Loewenstein, Sally Blount, and Max H. Bazerman 10 Attribute-Task Compatibility as a Determinant of Consumer Preference Reversals 192 Stephen M. Nowlis and Itamar Simonson 11 Preferences Constructed From Dynamic Microprocessing Mechanisms 220 Jerome R. Busemeyer, Joseph G. Johnson, and Ryan K. Jessup IV EVIDENCE FOR PREFERENCE CONSTRUCTION 12 Construction of Preferences by Constraint Satisfaction 235 Dan Simon, Daniel C. Krawczyk, and Keith J. Holyoak 13 “Coherent Arbitrariness”: Stable Demand Curves Without Stable Preferences 246 Dan Ariely, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec 14 Tom Sawyer and the Construction of Value 271 Dan Ariely, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec 15 When Web Pages Inﬂuence Choice: Effects of Visual Primes on Experts and Novices 282 Naomi Mandel and Eric J. Johnson 16 When Choice Is Demotivating: Can One Desire TooMuch of a Good Thing? 300 Sheena S. Iyengar and Mark R. Lepper V THEORIES OF PREFERENCE CONSTRUCTION 17 Constructive Consumer Choice Processes 323 James R. Bettman, Mary Frances Luce, and John W. Payne 18 Decision Making and Action: The Search for a Dominance Structure 342 Henry Montgomery 19 Pre- and Post-Decision Construction of Preferences: Differentiation and Consolidation 356 Ola Svenson 20 Choice Bracketing 372 Daniel Read, George Loewenstein, and Matthew Rabin 21 Constructing Preferences From Memory 397 Elke U. Weber and Eric J. JohnsonP1: JZZ 0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32 Contents ix VI AFFECT AND REASON 22 Reason-Based Choice 411 Eldar Shaﬁr, Itamar Simonson, and Amos Tversky 23 The Affect Heuristic 434 Paul Slovic, Melissa L. Finucane, Ellen Peters, and Donald G. MacGregor 24 The Functions of Affect in the Construction of Preferences 454 Ellen Peters 25 Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal 464 Robert B. Zajonc 26 Introspecting About Reasons Can Reduce Post-Choice Satisfaction 471 Timothy D. Wilson, Douglas J. Lisle, Jonathan W. Schooler, Sara D. Hodges, Kristen J. Klaaren, and Suzanne J. LaFleur VII MISWANTING 27 New Challenges to the Rationality Assumption 487 Daniel Kahneman 28 Distinction Bias: Misprediction and Mischoice Due to Joint Evaluation 504 Christopher K. Hsee and Jiao Zhang 29 Lay Rationalism and Inconsistency Between Predicted Experience and Decision 532 Christopher K. Hsee, Jiao Zhang, Frank Yu, and Yiheng Xi 30 Miswanting: Some Problems in the Forecasting of Future Affective States 550 Daniel T. Gilbert and Timothy D. Wilson VIII CONTINGENT VALUATION 31 Economic Preferences or Attitude Expressions? An Analysis of Dollar Responses to Public Issues 565 Daniel Kahneman, Ilana Ritov, and David A. Schkade 32 Music, Pandas, and Muggers: On the Affective Psychology of Value 594 Christopher K. Hsee and Yuval Rottenstreich 33 Valuing Environmental Resources: A Constructive Approach 609 Robin Gregory, Sarah Lichtenstein, and Paul SlovicP1: JZZ 0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32 x Contents IX PREFERENCE MANAGEMENT 34 Measuring Constructed Preferences: Towards a Building Code 629 John W. Payne, James R. Bettman, and David A. Schkade 35 Constructing Preferences From Labile Values 653 Baruch Fischhoff 36 Informed Consent and the Construction of Values 668 Douglas MacLean 37 Do Defaults Save Lives? 682 Eric J. Johnson and Daniel G. Goldstein 38 Libertarian Paternalism Is Not an Oxymoron 689 Cass R. Sunstein and Richard H. Thaler References 709 Index