看到一篇外文文献，看得不是很明白，请大家帮忙看看~~~

文章生成三个国家虚拟变量，但是编码是却对香港编码1，美国也是编码1，英国编码-1，这样香港和美国怎么区分啊?不知道是自己知道的太少还是作者真的写错了，求大家帮忙看看，谢谢。·

The author(s) include(s) effects for country, and thecountry-level effects were measured as two effects-coded dummy variables: thefirst represents Hong Kong(coded 1) and the second is the effect for the UnitedStated(coded 1). England is the reference category (coded -1).