《Competitive dynamics of energy, environment, and economy in the U.S.》

此篇论文发表在2015年Energy上。 作者使用 改良型Lotka-Volterra模型分析了美国能源使用，环境状况， 以及经济增长之间的联系。 作者发现鼓励使用可再生能源可刺激经济增长； 当能源需求增长时，核能源可对化石能源进行替代，借此来解决污染问题。

要点
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The competitive interactions among energy, environment, and economy are examined.

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A pure competition between emissions and GDP exists and an EKC exists.

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Energy use contributes to GDP and interacts indirectly with emissions.

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Nuclear energy was used to tackle the growth of emissions/fossil energy use.

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Improved energy efficiency is a viable policy to enhance energy security in U.S.

简介

This paper applies the Lotka–Volterra model to investigate the competitive interactions among energy, environment, and economy (3Es) in the U.S. The proposed LV-COMSUD (Lotka–Volterra COmpetition Model for SUstainable Development) has satisfactory performance for model fitting and provides a useful multivariate framework to predict outcomes concerning these interactions. Our key findings include a pure competition between emissions and GDP (Gross Domestic Product), neutralisms between renewable and fossil/nuclear energy, and commensalisms between GDP and renewable/fossil energy and between nuclear energy and fossil energy/emissions. These results indicate that renewable/fossil energy use contributes to GDP and interacts indirectly with emissions, that an environmental Kuznets curve exists, and that the amount of produced nuclear energy correlates with emission. The U.S. is dependent on non-clean energy sources and its energy efficiency has room for improvement. The results provide unique insights for policy makers to craft up sustainable economic development plans. Overall, it is suggested that for developed markets such as the U.S., to enhance energy security and mitigate climate changes, improving energy efficiency and developing low-carbon clean energy should be top priorities.