Fractions and Square Roots
In our first tutorial, we will create the equation
This is a very simple equation, but you'll learn about fractions and square root templates, and we'll explore the properties of the insertion point, and illustrate MathType's function recognition and automatic spacing capabilities.
To create the equation, just follow the steps listed below. Remember that the characters you have to type into the equation are shown in bold type.
Word Toolbar
You can insert a display equation using the button on Word's MathType toolbar. You can see what each toolbar button does by holding the mouse pointer over the button for a couple of seconds. A tooltip will appear containing the name of the button's command.
1. Open a new Word document, and type a few lines of text, just to make the situation a bit more realistic.
2. Now we're ready to insert a MathType equation. If you installed MathType correctly, there should be a MathType menu towards the right-hand end of the Word menu bar, or a MathType tab in the ribbon interface, if using Office 2007.
From the MathType menu or tab choose Insert Display Equation. This will open a MathType window, ready for you to start creating the equation. If for some reason neither the MathType menu nor the MathType tab is available in Word, use Word's Insert Object command (choose Object on the Insert menu), and choose MathType 6.0 Equation from the list of object types displayed. See Inserting Equations to learn about other ways to insert an equation, either in Word or other applications.
3. In the MathType window, type y=. You don't have to type a space between the y and the =, because MathType takes care of the spacing automatically. To help you break the habit of typing spaces, the spacebar is disabled most of the time in MathType, so pressing it will have no effect (other than producing an annoying beep!). Define Spacing Dialog discusses where and how you should enter spaces in MathType, but you won't have to do this very often.
Also, notice that the y has been made italic, but the = sign has not. Mathematical variables are almost always printed in italics, so this is the default in MathType. You can change this by redefining the Variable style using the Define command on MathType's Style menu.
4. Now we need to enter a square root sign. To do this, click on the icon in the Small Bar. The template's home is in the palette, but we've also copied it into the Small Bar to make it easier for you to find. Your equation should now look like this:
The characters in the equation might be larger than you expect, but this is just a result of the viewing scale you're using. Choose Zoom from the View menu to change the viewing scale to anything between 25% and 800%. The blinking insertion point should be in the slot under the square root sign, indicating that whatever you enter next will appear there.
5. Next, we enter a fraction template. To do this, click on the palette. Notice there are two fractions shown on the top row. The first one is the full-size fraction, which would be too big for this situation. Click on the second one. This template produces reduced-size fractions, sometimes known as "case" fractions in the typesetting world. Case fractions are generally used to save space when the numerator and denominator of the fraction are just plain numbers. Be careful not to choose the larger template - this would create a full-size fraction, which would be too big for this situation. Notice how MathType automatically expands the size of the square root sign to accommodate the fraction. Your equation should now look like this:
The insertion point should be in the numerator (upper) slot of the fraction template.
Fraction Template
As you hold the mouse pointer over the palette items their name is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the MathType window. This will help you make sure you pick the correct template.
6. To enter the numerator of the fraction, just type 3.
7. Now we need to move the insertion point down into the denominator slot of the fraction. You can do this by pressing the Tab key or by clicking inside the denominator slot in your equation.
8. Enter the denominator by typing 16.
9. Next we need to add the sin x outside of the square root sign, and to do this we have to get the insertion point into the correct position in the hierarchy of slots that make up the equation. If you repeatedly press the Tab key, you can make the insertion point cycle through all the slots in the formula. If you hold down the Shift key while you do this, the insertion point will cycle through the slots in the reverse direction. Try this out to see how it works. Three of the positions that the insertion point will assume during the course of this cycling are shown below. Use a viewing scale of 400% or 800%, so that you can see what's happening a little better:
If you use the Show Nesting command on the View menu, you can get an even better picture of the hierarchical arrangement of slots in your equation:
We have to decide which of these insertion point positions is the right one for adding the sin x. The position on the left is clearly wrong - we don't want the sin x to go in the denominator of the fraction. In the position shown in the center, the insertion point is in the main slot under the square root sign, so if we type in sin x the result will be the following formula:
This is not what we want either. The insertion point position shown on the far right is the correct one; the insertion point is outside the square root, which is where we want the sin x to go.
Functions
You can customize the list of functions that MathType automatically recognizes. Including Text in an Equation contains an example.
10. Keep pressing the Tab key until the insertion point arrives in the correct position, and then type in the letters sinx. Type slowly, so that you can watch what happens. When you initially type them, the s and the i will be italic, because MathType assumes that they are variables. However, as soon as you type the n, MathType recognizes that sin is an abbreviation for the sine function. Following standard typesetting rules, MathType uses plain Roman (non-italic) format for the sin, and inserts a thin space (one sixth of an em) between the sin and the x.
11. Type -c. Remember you don't have to type the spaces. You insert the minus sign by pressing the - (minus/hyphen) key on your keyboard. In a word processor, pressing this key inserts a hyphen, which is typically shorter than a minus sign. However, since hyphens are very uncommon in mathematics, MathType replaces them by minus signs for you (when the Math style is in effect). Your equation should now look like this:
12. Next we need to attach the superscript (or exponent) to the c. To do this, click on the icon in the Small Bar. This will create a superscript slot next to the c, as shown below:
Keyboard Shortcuts
You can also create a superscript slot by typing Ctrl+H. Ctrl+L inserts a subscript slot.
13. Type 2, and then press Tab to move the insertion point out of the superscript slot, into the position shown below:
14. Click on the ± in the Small Bar. MathType knows that the ± symbol is supposed to have spaces around it in this situation, so, as usual, you don't have to type them.
Greek Characters
You can enter a Greek character using Ctrl+G and its equivalent, e.g. m for µ, P for P.
15. Choose the m from the palette - it's the second one from the right in the row of Symbol Palettes. Alternatively, as the Greek letter m corresponds to the letter m, you can press Ctrl+G, followed by m. Your equation should look like this:
16. Finish the formula by typing tanx. Again, notice that MathType uses plain (instead of italic) type for the tan function and puts thin spaces on either side of it. Your finished equation should look like this:
Keyboard Shortcut
The quickest way to close the MathType window is by pressing Ctrl+F4.
17. Close the MathType window, either by clicking on its close box or by choosing the Close and return to <document> command on the File menu, and choose Yes in response to the dialog that asks if you want to save changes. This will insert your equation into the Word document in "displayed" form (on a line by itself), like this
18. In other situations, you might want to embed an equation within a line of text, for example , rather than displaying it on a line by itself. To do this, choose Insert Inline Equation from Word's MathType menu, MathType toolbar or MathType tab.
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