英文文献：The Impact of Pork Advertising on US Meat Demand in the Presence of Competing Beef Advertising and Food Safety Events-在存在竞争的牛肉广告和食品安全事件的情况下，猪肉广告对美国肉类需求的影响
英文文献作者：Piggott, Nicholas E.,Zhen, Chen,Beach, Robert H.,Wolhlgenant, Michael K.
英文文献摘要：
We examine the effects of domestic advertising and promotion expenditures on meat demand, extending previous efforts in several areas, including the use of more recent data, employing a complete demand system and simultaneously measuring the impacts of generic pork and beef advertising and food safety information on the demand for beef, pork, and poultry. Using the Generalized Almost Ideal Demand System (GAIDS), own- and cross- beef and pork advertising and own- and cross- beef, pork, and poultry food safety effects are measured jointly and consistently. To allow for a more complex dynamic response of advertising and food safety effects, the flexible distributed lag technique of Mitchell and Speaker (1986) is employed. The coefficients on pork advertising in the pork and poultry equations are highly significant. The coefficients on beef advertising are only statistically significantly different from zero in the poultry equation indicating the primary impact from these efforts is a cross-commodity effect. To investigate the economic significance of these effects, elasticities for price, expenditure, food safety and advertising are calculated and compared. Consistent with previous work we find the impacts of advertising and food safety effects to be economically small compared with price and expenditure effects.

我们检查的影响,国内广告和促销支出对肉类需求,扩展先前的努力在几个领域,包括使用最近的数据,使用一个完整的系统需求和同时测量的影响一般猪肉和牛肉广告和食品安全信息的需求牛肉、猪肉、家禽。使用广义几乎理想需求系统(GAIDS)，自己和交叉牛肉和猪肉的广告以及自己和交叉牛肉、猪肉和家禽的食品安全影响被联合和一致地测量。为了考虑到广告和食品安全效应更复杂的动态响应，我们采用了Mitchell和Speaker(1986)的灵活分布滞后技术。在猪肉和家禽的方程中，猪肉广告的系数是非常显著的。牛肉广告的系数在家禽方程中仅与零有统计学上的显著差异，表明这些努力的主要影响是交叉商品效应。为了调查这些影响的经济意义，计算并比较了价格、支出、食品安全和广告的弹性。与之前的工作一致，我们发现广告和食品安全的影响在经济上比价格和支出的影响要小。