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目录：This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 20 November 2009: 1040.
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Editorial:
Governance of Both Poles
Albert Grimaldi
Science 20 November 2009: 1042.
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Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 20 November 2009: 1043.
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Science Podcast
Science 20 November 2009: 1131.
The show includes the demise of Pleistocene megafauna, strengthening memories during sleep, cleaning up oil mine reclamation, and more.
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New Products
Science 20 November 2009: 1131.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
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News of the Week
Planetary Science
Yes, There's Ice on the Moon—But How Much, and What Use Is It?
Richard A. Kerr
Science 20 November 2009: 1046.
When a spent rocket booster slammed into the frigid, inky shadow of a lunar crater last month, it sent up a slightly damp plume of dust, scientists with NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission reported last week.
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Japan
Belt-Tightening Could Claim Some Scientific Scalps
Dennis Normile
Science 20 November 2009: 1046-1047.
Attempting to rein in Japan's yawning budget deficit, a government task force last week recommended tens of millions of dollars in cuts in science spending in the fiscal year beginning next April that would hit everything from research grants to big-ticket items such as a next-generation supercomputer.
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Astrophysics
Galactic Glare Reveals Birthplace of Cosmic Rays
Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 20 November 2009: 1047.
Two new astronomical results—one in this week's issue of Science and the other published online this month in Nature—suggest that cosmic rays acquire their tremendous velocities from exploding stars.
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Oil Resources
Splitting the Difference Between Oil Pessimists and Optimists
Richard A. Kerr
Science 20 November 2009: 1048.
World production of conventional oil is likely to peak before 2030 and could reach its limits before 2020, a major report from a new voice in the debate over oil depletion warns. In view of the daunting task of weaning the world's transportation off oil, the risk of a peak before 2030 "needs to be given serious consideration," the report says.
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Cell Therapies
Clean Pigs Offer Alternative to Stem Cell Transplants
Constance Holden
Science 20 November 2009: 1049.
Within a couple of years, a scientific team hopes to start clinical trials using cells from the first swine herd in the country specially bred to supply insulin-secreting pancreatic islets for people with diabetes. But they face immunological and regulatory challenges, as well as the challenge of overcoming public aversion to the idea.
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ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site
Science 20 November 2009: 1049.
ScienceNOW this week reported that meditation halves the risk of heart disease, empathy is in our genes, holes can block light, and new neurons make room for new memories, among other stories.
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Newsmaker Interview
University Head Zhu Qingshi Challenges Old Academic Ways
Richard Stone
Science 20 November 2009: 1050.
In an interview with Science, Zhu Qingshi, the newly appointed president of China's planned South University of Science and Technology, explained how he intends to shake up China's university system—whether the education ministry likes it or not.
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Intellectual Property
Research Centers Promise a Break on Medical Patents in Developing Countries
Sam Kean
Science 20 November 2009: 1051.
More than a half-dozen major U.S. universities and institutes pledged last week to lean on biotech companies when licensing intellectual property to secure more favorable terms for countries in the developing world.
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ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog
Science 20 November 2009: 1051.
ScienceInsider reported this week that the American Physical Society's governing council has rejected a petition to revise a 2007 statement on global warming and Brazil has announced a plan to cut carbon emissions between 36% and 39% by 2020, among other stories.
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Random Samples
Science 20 November 2009: 1045.
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News Focus
Ecology
Eco-Alchemy in Alberta
Sam Kean
Science 20 November 2009: 1052-1055.
The oil of the future—vast and largely untapped reserves of petroleum in the form of tarry deposits a few tens of meters beneath the surface—has serious reclamation challenges right now.
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Archaeology
Better Homes and Hearths, Neandertal-Style
Michael Balter
Science 20 November 2009: 1056-1057.
Detailed studies of Neandertal hearths and living quarters suggest that, like modern humans, our extinct cousins had the knack for organization.
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Archaeology
Did Neandertals Dine In?
Michael Balter
Science 20 November 2009: 1057.
Researchers have long debated whether the highly carnivorous Neandertals sometimes ate each other. In recent years, new evidence for this macabre hypothesis has emerged.
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Ninth International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, 25-30 October 2009, St. Louis, Missouri
Chloroplast Shuffle
Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 20 November 2009: 1058.
Chloroplasts seem to rely on the polymerization of protein filaments to make their way across a cell, researchers reported at the 9th International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, and they can move quickly—or slowly—depending on the circumstances.
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Ninth International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, 25-30 October 2009, St. Louis, Missouri
Steak With a Side of Beta-Glucans
Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 20 November 2009: 1058-1059.
At the 9th International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, researchers described progress in manipulating the beta-glucan content of grains and other plant tissues, which could boost the fiber content of foods and enhance the value of the currently unusable parts of corn and wheat for biofuels.
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Ninth International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, 25-30 October 2009, St. Louis, Missouri