英文文献：Aligning Incentives for Accelerated Heifer Growth in Custom Heifer Growing Contracts-调整在定制小母牛种植合同中加速小母牛生长的激励措施
英文文献作者：Olynk, Nicole J.,Wolf, Christopher A.
英文文献摘要：
Dairy managers today are faced with the decision to either raise their own replacements on the dairy farm or send heifers to a custom heifer grower. The largest potential challenge of contracting out the heifer raising enterprise revolves around the potential for a moral hazard problem because of hidden action on the part of the custom heifer grower. A principal-agent framework was used to elicit contract terms which provide incentives for the custom heifer grower to perform accelerated growth without heifers becoming over-conditioned. In order to provide incentives to custom growers, heifers returned to the dairy farm should be compared in performance to other heifers of similar age. We solve for the price paid per pound of gain, price paid for inch of wither height above the average heifer on the operation, deduction per unit of body condition score over or under ideal body condition score, and percent of the value of milk production above the average milk production by herd peers. Such comparisons are similar to tournament contracts, such as those used in raising poultry or swine.

如今的奶场经理们面临着这样的抉择:要么在奶场饲养他们自己的替代品，要么把小母牛送到专门的小母牛养殖者那里。将小母牛养殖企业外包的最大潜在挑战在于，由于定制小母牛养殖者的隐藏行为，可能产生道德风险问题。采用了委托代理框架来诱发合同条款，以激励定制小母牛养殖者在不过度生长的情况下加速生长。为了激励顾客，应该将回到奶牛场的小母牛与其他同龄小母牛的表现进行比较。求解得到的每磅价格,价格寸枯萎高度的平均小母牛操作,演绎的单位体况评分或理想的身体条件下分数,和牛奶生产价值的百分比高于平均牛奶产量群同行。这样的比较类似于比赛合同，如用于饲养家禽或猪的合同。