java不会啊，可不可以用R或者python

用table可以对每一列进行统计，但是，需要先把一个列拆成每个字符一个列，楼上说很大excel根本打不开 ，那就字符串分割的一些函数试试。再table

here you go
import pandas as pd
from collections import Counter

file_p = "z:\\read1_UMI.xlsx"

df = pd.read_excel(file_p, header=None, names=['gen'])
df.gen.apply(lambda x: Counter(list(x)))

and this version is counter for columns
###
import pandas as pd
from collections import Counter

file_p = "z:\\read1_UMI.xlsx"

df0 = pd.read_excel(file_p, header=None, names=['gen'])
vl = df0.gen.values
ff = [list(x) for x in vl]
df = pd.DataFrame(ff)
df.apply(lambda x: Counter(x), axis=0)

谢谢！！！另外请问这个最后的结果不能直接用.write写入文件吗

def func(DNA):
    res={}
    for i in DNA:
        if i not in res:
            res[i]=1
        else:
            res[i]+=1
            
data["counts"] = data["DNA"].apply(func)