英文文献：A Comparison of Methodologies for Valuing Decreased Health Effects from Wildfire Smoke-火灾烟雾对健康影响的评估方法的比较
英文文献作者：Richardson, Leslie,Loomis, John B.,Champ, Patricia A.
英文文献摘要：
Wildfire seasons are becoming longer and more intense throughout the world, making it increasingly important to monetize the full damages caused by wildfires when analyzing various fire management policies. We estimate the economic costs of the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke using a simple cost of illness approach and for the first time to our knowledge we estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a decrease in symptom days from wildfire smoke using the contingent valuation method and the averting behavior method. Comparing estimates across all three common approaches for estimating the economic cost of exposure to an air pollutant is an important contribution to the literature. This study uses data from the largest wildfire in Los Angeles County’s modern history, the Station Fire of 2009. Our results show that a simple cost of illness estimate is about $3 per day of symptoms, the averting behavior method results in a WTP value of $43 or $94 to avoid one day of wildfire-smoke induced symptom days, depending on the model used, and the contingent valuation method results in a WTP estimate of $74 - $98 to avoid one day of wildfire-smoke induced symptom days, depending on model specification.

在全球范围内，野火季节变得越来越长，越来越强烈，使得在分析各种火灾管理政策时，将野火造成的全部损失货币化变得越来越重要。我们估计的经济成本与接触野火烟雾相关的健康影响疾病的使用一个简单的成本方法,首次对我们知识我们估计支付意愿(WTP)减少症状天野火烟雾使用的估值方法和避免行为的方法。比较三种常用方法的估算暴露于空气污染物的经济成本是对文献的重要贡献。这项研究使用了洛杉矶县近代史上最大的野火数据，即2009年的大火。疾病我们的结果表明,一个简单的成本估计是每天3美元的症状,避免行为方法导致了WTP值43美元或94美元,以避免一天wildfire-smoke引起的症状,根据所使用的模型,以及或有估值方法导致了WTP的估计74 - 98美元,以避免wildfire-smoke诱发症状的日子的一天,这取决于模型规范。