昨日阅读3h,累计 675.5 h
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《思想的力量:哲学导论》
411. 不过卢梭后来改变了想法,认为,在规范的社会中,人应当放弃自身的自由,转向全然不同的、更为重要的共同的自由。(通过社会协定,团结为一个整体,这个整体就是国家或主权者,而其颁布的法律就是公意的反映)国家或主权者是为其自身而存在的实体,是一个“道德人格”,一个非生物性的有机体,拥有自身的生命和意志。这就是卢梭的公意概念(作为政治整体的人民意志,也就是国家的意志)
412. 丧失个人的或“天然”的自由,却获得了全新的“文明的”自由。
卢梭主张,国家中的公民在任何时候都有权终止社会契约。公民在任何时候都有权废黜ZF官员。意味着人民随时可以革命,可以返回到无ZF状态。卢梭为革命和无ZF状态提供了哲学依据。
413. 卢梭是哲学家、小说家、作曲家。爱过许多女人,最后患上了妄想症而近乎疯狂。小说《新爱洛伊斯》(La Nouvelle Helois,1761)。《社会契约论》(The Social Contract)和教育学论著《爱弥儿》(Emile)都强烈冒犯了教会的权威。《忏悔录》(Confession)。
无论如何,很少有哲学家能够像卢梭那样,对政治哲学、政治学、教育学、文学产生如此深远的影响。
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Blockchain:
Blockchain validators
Blockchain validators are used by PoS systems. A PoS system works by requiring computers that wish to participate in the network to have stake—a large number of tokens—to assist in the blockchain. Unlike PoW algorithms, computers cannot join the network and expect to have any say in consensus.
Rather, they must buy in through token ownership. Depending on the network, the naming convention for validators might be different. Tendermint has validators, Steemit and Bitshares have witnesses, Cardano has stakeholders, and so on. A validator is a computer with a positive stake(number of tokens) that is allowed to participate in the network and does so.
Each chain has its own rules for how this works, and these will be covered more in-depth in Chapter 7 , Achieving Consensus.
Smart contracts
Some blockchains are said to have smart contracts when they are able to perform actions and behavior in response to changes to the chain. These will be covered in depth in Chapter 14 , Smart Contracts and Chapter 17 , Decentralized Applications.
Blockchain speed
One ongoing concern for blockchain systems is performance. Public blockchains are global systems, with their system resources shared by all the users in the world simultaneously. With such a large user base, resource constraints are a real concern and have already caused real problems. For instance, a popular game called CryptoKitties was launched on Ethereum and caused the network to become congested. Other applications became nearly unusable, as the load from CryptoKitties overwhelmed the network.
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昨日阅读3h
累计 675.5 h