Table of Contents
Competition and Collaboration: a comparison of U.S. and Chinese Energy Outward Direct
Investment .................................................................................................................................. i
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii
Summary ......................................................................................................................................... v
Figures.......................................................................................................................................... xiii
Tables ............................................................................................................................................ xv
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................... xvii
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... xix
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Assumptions .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Organization of this Dissertation ................................................................................................... 4
2 Data and Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Data Collection .............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 11
3 Current Positions: China and the U.S. EODI status and historical trends ....................................... 15
3.1 Chinese and the U.S. EODI positions around the World ............................................................. 15
3.2 U.S. and Chinese Reciprocal Investment positions: U.S.-Chinese EODI .................................. 36
3.3 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................................... 43
4 Determinants and Goals: Similarities and Differences between U.S. and Chinese EODIs ............. 44
4.1 Determinants of U.S. and Chinese EODI: Similarities and differences ...................................... 44
4.2 Goals of U.S. and Chinese EODI: Similarities and Differences .................................................. 60
4.3 Goals and Determinants: Implications for Collaboration or Competition .................................... 64
4.4 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................................... 69
5 Competition in Perspective: A Partial Equilibrium Model of U.S.-Chinese EODI operations ....... 70
5.1 The Partial Equilibrium Theory and application in energy modeling.......................................... 70
5.2 The Partial Equilibrium Model System ....................................................................................... 72
5.3 Analysis and Outcomes ............................................................................................................... 91
6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 126
Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 129
Appendix Table 1-5: U.S.-China EODIs time series Data ................................................................... 130
xii
P.E. Model Systems .............................................................................................................................. 138
Selected Programming Codes ............................................................................................................... 142
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 163