阅读1小时，总计834小时，第796日。
阅读《正义论》第二章
我们还可以把某个单一规则（或成批规则）、某个体制（或这个体制的主要部分）同整个社会制度的基本结构区别开来。这样做的理由是：一项安排的一条或几条规则可能是不正义的，但体制本身却不是不正义的。同样，虽然整个社会制度并不是不正义的，但某个体制却可能是不正义的。不但单一规则和体制本身可能并不具有足够的重要性，而且还可能在一个体制或社会制度的结构内部，一种明显的不正义行为补偿了另一种不正义行为。如果整体只包含一个不正义部分，那么这个整体的不正义就比可能的要少。进一步来说，可以想象，即使一个社会制度的体制各别来看没有一个是不正义的，这个社会制度也可能是不正义的：这种不正义就是把许多体制变成了一个单一制度的结合方式所产生的结果。
有些人认为，真正的正义和形式正义事实上往往是一致的，因此，至少大体上不正义的体制决不舍得到或者无论如何极少会得到公正而始终如一的管理。拥护不正义的安排并从中得到好处的人和轻蔑地否定别人的权利和自由权的人，据说不大可能允许对法治的顾忌来妨碍他们在特殊情况下的利益。
虽然财富和收入的分配不必平等，但必须对每个人有利，同时，权力地位和指挥职务也必须是人人可以得到的。
显然，这两个原则的内容是相当具体的，但这两个原则能否被接受，全在于我最后必须努力予以解释和证明的某些假定。随着讨论的进行，正义理论越来越明显地依赖于社会理论。此刻应该说明的一点是，这两个原则（对各种说明都适用）是一种更普遍的正义观的一个特例，这种正义观可以表述如下：泛，这样做的唯一理由就是：从体制上予以规定的这些平等权利可能会互相妨碍
不过，首先我应该指出，要求职位开放并不完全是，或者甚至基本上不是为了效率的缘故。我并没有认为。在每个人事实上都得益于某种安排的情况下，也必须使职位开放。尽管某些集团被排斥在某些职位之外，但是通过向这些职位分配某些权力和利益来改善每一个人的地位，这也许是可能的。虽然获得这种职位要受到限制，但它们也许仍能吸引更优秀的人才和鼓励更良好的行为。但是，开放职位的原则不允许这样做。
若干人准备分一个蛋糕：假定公平的分配就是平分，那么哪种程序（如果有任何程序的话）将会产生这样的结果呢？撇开技术细节不谈，显而易见的解决办法是让一个人去分这个蛋糕，让其他人先拿，他自己拿最后一块。他将把这个蛋糕等分，因为只有

时间段：昨日主要自习，并且搭乘两小时汽车开启工作半复习模式。学习时长10：00—20：00，期间午休、换乘各0.5小时。<br>
内容&amp;直观感受：因为昨天看到博迪投资学第8、第9乃至第10三个章节，讲的都是模型，推导，作图，如果有看过的同学，可以一起复习下

最近发帖总会漏好几段，不明所以，重发一次

昨日学习一小时，累计一小时。<br>
学习内容，在kindle上看英文原版书。

Plant and the Lianhua factory were not sure whether to worry more about the polluted air or the contaminated water they had been breathing and drinking for a large part of their lives. For much of the previous twenty years another Huai tributary, the Yun, that ran near to their homes had been choked with chemicals, while the air above, they said, had been tinted green on the smoggiest days. At the local industrial primary school, everything from windowsills to the leaves on the trees was coated in fine black dust. A cleanup was finally under way, but for many it was too late. “The rich folk have already moved out. Just a couple of hundred families remain. It has become a slum,”said one local woman. “Among those left behind, almost everyone over the age of forty has some kind of disease …We have complained about the pollution but no one cares. Our county is too remote and too poor.”Many residents in this sprawl of wide gray streets believed the pollution was deadly. A short distance downstream at Shi Zhuang Village, a factory worker named Shi Yingzhong was mourning the death of his father from cancer the previous year. The illness had brought financial disaster to an already poor family, which was now saddled with crippling medical bills. Shi’s share of the outstanding debt ran to about 25,000 yuan—a huge sum for a man who earned just 1,000 yuan per month. His wife received even less for her work on the family’s fields. Shi was resigned rather than angry, but he had no doubt about the cause of his father’s death. “It was the polluted water,”he said. “We used to drink from a well just four meters deep. Then the water became dirty so we had to go deeper and deeper. Now it is more than forty meters, but the water is still not clean.”Yet many locals remembered a time not so long ago when the Huai was considered a blessed river. Perhaps the most famous of them is Huo Daishan, who has led the battle again pollution in Henan. Huo smiled as he recalled nearly drowning in the Huai as a three-year-old. “There were lots of kids diving in the river and swimming around. It looked really exciting so I decided to join in. In I went, then down, down under the water thinking ‘Isn’t this fun!’Especially after a little while when I could see a blaze of lights in my head. Only later did I realize this meant I had fallen into a coma.”He came to love the river that nearly killed him. During his childhood in the 1950s it was a source of drinking water,

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