Global Competitive Strategy by Daniel F. Spulber全球竞争战略英文
© Daniel F. Spulber 2007
Contents
List of figures page viii
List of tables ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiv
Introduction: the global challenge 1
Global competition 1
What is globalization? 4
Global opportunities 9
Global analysis and strategy 11
Overview 15
1 The global mosaic 16
The four costs of trade 17
The economic landscape: economic differences /between countries 25
The arbitrage principle 31
Overview 35
2 Global strategic analysis 37
Home country: recognize benefits and transcend limitations 40
Supplier countries: build global supply chains 44
Customer countries: create global markets and adapt to local market
segments 49
Partner countries: assemble a global team 53
Competitor countries: evaluate global and local competitive threats 60
Overview 66
3 Global competitive advantage 68
The global value connection 69
The five gains from trade 74
Maximizing global added value 79
Growth and value creation 83
Overview 90
4 Global competitive strategy 91
Global platform strategy: scale and variety 91
Global network strategy: coordinating comparative advantage 97
Global intermediary strategy: matchmaking and market making 105
Global entrepreneur strategy: creating new combinations and
businesses 113
Overview 119
5 Global investment strategy: choosing the best mix of transactions and
investment 120
Horizontal FDI 121
Vertical FDI 127
To outsource or to stay in-house? 129
Modes of entry 135
Overview 139
6 The global business organization 141
Divisions of the global business organization 141
Evolving organizational structures 147
Incorporating geographic divisions in the market-based organization 158
Conglomerates and holding companies 160
Overview 167
7 Lenovo: entering global competition 169
Birth of a Legend 170
Lenovo’s domestic strategy 176
International entry into China’s computer market 180
Evolution of Lenovo’s international strategy 185
The IBM acquisition 191
Overview 194
8 Cemex: making global markets 196
Cemex and the Mexican market for cement 196
Cemex’s international expansion 197
The international cement industry 202
Cemex and international market making 208
Cemex’s focus on customer service 213
Knowledge transfer in Cemex’s organization 215
Overview 218
9 Dairy Farm: regional retail strategy 220
Dairy Farm and Hong Kong 221
Developing a regional focus in Asia 224
Customer countries 228
Global competitors 236
Overview 239
10 Danone: organizing for global competition 241
Company history 241
Restructuring Danone’s organization 244
Managing Danone as an international business 247
Overview 252
Conclusion 254
Glossary 258
Notes and references 261
Index 284