More recently, the reverse causation problem has been addressed by instrumenting the right-hand-side agglomeration measure with agglomeration measured at a date prior to the introduction of the tax that represents the left-hand-side variable (Jofre-Monseny, 2013; Koh et al., 2013; Luthi and Schmidheiny, 2014).
想请问大家，在这一段中， the right-hand-side和the left-hand-side如何翻译以及理解呢，感谢帮助！