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2010-03-12
小赵的电话号码是一个五位数,它由五个不同的数字组成。小王说:“它是93715。”小张
说:“它是79538。”小李说:“它是15239。”小赵说: “谁说的某一位上的数字与我的
电话号码上的同一位数字相同,就算谁猜对了这个数字。现在你们三人猜对的数字个数都
一样,并且电话号码上的每个数字都有人猜 对。而每个人猜对的数字的位数都不相邻。”
这个电话号码是什么?
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2010-3-12 20:34:52
答案10天后公布
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2010-3-13 00:06:23
19735

It's reasoned out by 3 steps:

1. as all the ppl achieved the same number of successful guesses, and denote N is the number of successful guesses, N = 1,2,3,4,5. As all Zhao's number were covered by successful guesses. 1 and 5 are discarded.  Because none of the numbers guessed out by individuals is adjoined to each other. so 3 and 4 are discarded.  N=2 .

2. observe the distribution of the 3 telephone number guessed by 3 ppl. 3 is repeated once. assume 3 is not correct, then 1 is correct, then, due to rules in 1, one of 9 and 3 guessed by wang should be correct. Then you will find you reach a deadlock which can not satisfy all the rules stated by Zhao. Therefore 3 is correct. Now we obtain the fourth number of Zhao's telephone: 3

3. If 3 is correct and no correct numbers are near to each other, 5 and 8 in Zhang's row and 2 and 9 in Li's row are wrong. Then the first two number should be either 7 5 or 1 9. After one or two steps of manipulation, you will find on 1 9 is possible to satisfy all the rules.

Then the last two unknown digit become obvious.
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2010-3-13 20:21:52
19735
“你们三人猜对的数字个数都一样,并且电话号码上的每个数字都有人猜对”可知每个人至少猜对2个数,而比较一下只有小王和小李同时猜有3,则没人猜对2个数,并且第四个数为3;“每个人猜对的数字的位数都不相邻”然后依次去掉相同的数字和同位的数字即可得出……
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