多样性与冲突

Diversity and Conflict

作者：

Cemal Eren Arbath

Quamral H. Ashraf

奥德·加洛（Oded Galor）

马克·克莱普（Marc Klemp）

This research advances the hypothesis and establishes empirically that interpersonal populationdiversity, rather than fractionalization or polarization across ethnic groups, has been pivotalto the emergence, prevalence, recurrence, and severity of intrasocietal conflicts. Exploitingan exogenous source of variations in population diversity across nations and ethnic groups,as determined predominantly during the exodus of humans from Africa tens of thousands ofyears ago, the study demonstrates that population diversity, and its impact on the degree ofdiversity within ethnic groups, has contributed significantly to the risk and intensity of historicaland contemporary civil conflicts. The findings arguably reflect the contribution of populationdiversity to the non-cohesivnesss of society, as reflected partly in the prevalence of mistrust,the divergence in preferences for public goods and redistributive policies, and the degree offractionalization and polarization across ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups.
这项研究推进了这一假设，并凭经验建立了人际人口多样性，而不是种族间的分化或两极分化，对社会内部冲突的出现，盛行，复发和严重性至关重要。利用主要是在数万年前非洲人外逃期间确定的，国家和族裔群体之间的人口多样性差异的外源性研究，该研究表明，人口多样性及其对族群内部多样性程度的影响，极大地增加了历史和当代内战的风险和强度。这些发现可以说反映了人口多样性对社会非凝聚力的贡献，部分反映在不信任的流行中