我是菜鸟。。。在这里跪谢帮助我的各位大侠了。。。协整关系上课没有学过，现在自学协整写论文好痛苦

（1）首先弱弱的问一下，协整是什么意思，存在协整关系说明什么？说明涉及的变量之间存在因果关系，放在一个方程中是合理的吗？
（2）请问一下Johansen结果如下，反应出至少有2个协整方程吗？这两个方程怎么看？
（3）可不可以说Johansen表明变量之间存在协整关系，之后OLS回归结果呢？Johansen协整方程结果和OLS结果有什么关系吗？

不会用Johansen怕万一断章取义了还不如OLS呢，狂谢大家啊！！！

   
Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace)   
   
Hypothesized  Trace 0.05
No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value Prob.**
   
None *  0.994429  174.7828  54.07904  0.0000
At most 1 *  0.880358  76.16830  35.19275  0.0000
At most 2 *  0.769780  35.82660  20.26184  0.0002
At most 3  0.340906  7.920902  9.164546  0.0856
   
Trace test indicates 3 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level   
* denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0.05 level   
**MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values   
   
Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Maximum Eigenvalue)   
   
Hypothesized  Max-Eigen 0.05
No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value Prob.**
   
None *  0.994429  98.61446  28.58808  0.0000
At most 1 *  0.880358  40.34170  22.29962  0.0001
At most 2 *  0.769780  27.90570  15.89210  0.0004
At most 3  0.340906  7.920902  9.164546  0.0856
   
Max-eigenvalue test indicates 3 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level   
* denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0.05 level   
**MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values   
   
Unrestricted Cointegrating Coefficients (normalized by b'*S11*b=I):     
   
LNRE LNFDI LNXT LNY C
4.111961  0.328543  8.415834 -37.73695  419.3692
20.34523 -6.127410 -5.669648  33.43795 -398.4380
10.73170 -3.587680 -11.63285  47.02955 -532.3603
0.974767  0.625103 -12.92464  55.39249 -623.0672
   
   
Unrestricted Adjustment Coefficients (alpha):     
   
D(LNRE) -0.035348 -0.019235  0.011384 -0.012513
D(LNFDI) -0.061558  0.054082  0.026066 -0.088639
D(LNXT)  0.047236 -0.030632  0.091538  0.017714
D(LNY)  0.005963 -0.007714  0.000522  0.000411
   
   
1 Cointegrating Equation(s):   Log likelihood  168.9145
   
Normalized cointegrating coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
LNRE LNFDI LNXT LNY C
1.000000  0.079899  2.046671 -9.177360  101.9876
  (0.02217)  (0.10361)  (0.43377)  (4.85488)
   
Adjustment coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
D(LNRE) -0.145348   
  (0.04223)   
D(LNFDI) -0.253124   
  (0.21474)   
D(LNXT)  0.194235   
  (0.14760)   
D(LNY)  0.024522   
  (0.01077)   
   
   
2 Cointegrating Equation(s):   Log likelihood  189.0853
   
Normalized cointegrating coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
LNRE LNFDI LNXT LNY C
1.000000  0.000000  1.559116 -6.908540  76.49769
   (0.08468)  (0.35133)  (3.93849)
0.000000  1.000000  6.102123 -28.39597  319.0256
   (0.38357)  (1.59144)  (17.8405)
   
Adjustment coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
D(LNRE) -0.536689  0.106248  
  (0.17178)  (0.05078)  
D(LNFDI)  0.847184 -0.351606  
  (1.02422)  (0.30279)  
D(LNXT) -0.428982  0.203214  
  (0.71740)  (0.21208)  
D(LNY) -0.132423  0.049227  
  (0.01984)  (0.00587)  
   
   
3 Cointegrating Equation(s):   Log likelihood  203.0382
   
Normalized cointegrating coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
LNRE LNFDI LNXT LNY C
1.000000  0.000000  0.000000 -2.260768  26.21248
    (0.36149)  (4.20146)
0.000000  1.000000  0.000000 -10.20535  122.2176
    (1.47332)  (17.1239)
0.000000  0.000000  1.000000 -2.981031  32.25239
    (0.23213)  (2.69800)
   
Adjustment coefficients (standard error in parentheses)   
D(LNRE) -0.414518  0.065405 -0.320854
  (0.17413)  (0.05297)  (0.11504)
D(LNFDI)  1.126912 -0.445121 -1.127903
  (1.13681)  (0.34581)  (0.75101)
D(LNXT)  0.553376 -0.125194 -0.493640
  (0.44128)  (0.13424)  (0.29152)
D(LNY) -0.126826  0.047355  0.087856
  (0.02200)  (0.00669)  (0.01453)