Editorial Reviews
Review
"It would take quite a long time to list all the interesting subjects treated in this textbook, but overall, this is a very good starting point for an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in research and wants to have a global idea of the different problems that are currently developed in laboratories."--Mathematical Reviews
"Sethna's book provides am important service to students who want to learn modern statistical mechanics."-- Physics Today
"An extremely intelligent and elegant introduction to fundamental concepts, well suited for the beginning graduate level."--William Gelbart, University of California at Los Angeles
"The author's style, although quite concentrated, is simple to understand, and has many lovely visual examples to accompany formal ideas and concepts, which makes the exposition live and intuitively appealing."--Journal of Statistical Physics
Product Description
In each generation, scientists must redefine their fields: abstracting, simplifying and distilling the previous standard topics to make room for new advances and methods. Sethna's book takes this step for statistical mechanics--a field rooted in physics and chemistry whose ideas and methods are now central to information theory, complexity, and modern biology. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and early graduate students in all of these fields, Sethna limits his main presentation to the topics that future mathematicians and biologists, as well as physicists and chemists, will find fascinating and central to their work. The amazing breadth of the field is reflected in the author's large supply of carefully crafted exercises, each an introduction to a whole field of study: everything from chaos through information theory to life at the end of the universe.
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3 Temperature and equilibrium 37
3.1 The microcanonical ensemble 37
3.2 The microcanonical ideal gas 39
3.2.1 Configuration space 39
3.2.2 Momentum space 41
3.3 What is temperature? 44
3.4 Pressure and chemical potential 47
3.4.1 Advanced topic: pressure in mechanics and statistical
mechanics. 48
3.5 Entropy, the ideal gas, and phase-space refinements 51
Exercises 53
3.1 Temperature and energy 54
3.2 Large and very large numbers 54
3.3 Escape velocity 54
3.4 Pressure computation 54
3.5 Hard sphere gas 55
3.6 Connecting two macroscopic systems 55
3.7 Gas mixture 56
3.8 Microcanonical energy fluctuations 56
3.9 Gauss and Poisson 57
3.10 Triple product relation 58
3.11 Maxwell relations 58
3.12 Solving differential equations: the pendulum 58
4 Phase-space dynamics and ergodicity 63
4.1 Liouville’s theorem 63
4.2 Ergodicity 65
Exercises 69
4.1 Equilibration 69
4.2 Liouville vs. the damped pendulum 70
4.3 Invariant measures 70
4.4 Jupiter! and the KAM theorem 72
5 Entropy 77
5.1 Entropy as irreversibility: engines and the heat death of
the Universe 77
5.2 Entropy as disorder 81
5.2.1 Entropy of mixing: Maxwell’s demon and osmotic
pressure 82
5.2.2 Residual entropy of glasses: the roads not taken 83
5.3 Entropy as ignorance: information and memory 85
5.3.1 Non-equilibrium entropy 86
5.3.2 Information entropy 87
Exercises 90
5.1 Life and the heat death of the Universe 91
5.2 Burning information and Maxwellian demons 91
5.3 Reversible computation 93
5.4 Black hole thermodynamics 935.5 Pressure–volume diagram 94
5.6 Carnot refrigerator 95
5.7 Does entropy increase? 95
5.8 The Arnol’d cat map 95
5.9 Chaos, Lyapunov, and entropy increase 96
5.10 Entropy increases: diffusion 97
5.11 Entropy of glasses 97
5.12 Rubber band 98
5.13 How many shuffles? 99
5.14 Information entropy 100
5.15 Shannon entropy 100
5.16 Fractal dimensions 101
5.17 Deriving entropy 102
6 Free energies 105
6.1 The canonical ensemble 106
6.2 Uncoupled systems and canonical ensembles 109
6.3 Grand canonical ensemble 112
6.4 What is thermodynamics? 113
6.5 Mechanics: friction and fluctuations 117
6.6 Chemical equilibrium and reaction rates 118
6.7 Free energy density for the ideal gas 121
Exercises 123
6.1 Exponential atmosphere 124
6.2 Two-state system 125
6.3 Negative temperature 125
6.4 Molecular motors and free energies 126
6.5 Laplace 127
6.6 Lagrange 128
6.7 Legendre 128
6.8 Euler 128
6.9 Gibbs–Duhem 129
6.10 Clausius–Clapeyron 129
6.11 Barrier crossing 129
6.12 Michaelis–Menten and Hill 131
6.13 Pollen and hard squares 132
6.14 Statistical mechanics and statistics 133
7 Quantum statistical mechanics 135
7.1 Mixed states and density matrices 135
7.1.1 Advanced topic: density matrices. 136
7.2 Quantum harmonic oscillator 139
7.3 Bose and Fermi statistics 140
7.4 Non-interacting bosons and fermions 141
7.5 Maxwell–Boltzmann ‘quantum’ statistics 144
7.6 Black-body radiation and Bose condensation 146
7.6.1 Free particles in a box 146
7.6.2 Black-body radiation 1477.6.3 Bose condensation 148
7.7 Metals and the Fermi gas 150
Exercises 151
7.1 Ensembles and quantum statistics 151
7.2 Phonons and photons are bosons 152
7.3 Phase-space units and the zero of entropy 153
7.4 Does entropy increase in quantum systems? 153
7.5 Photon density matrices 154
7.6 Spin density matrix 154
7.7 Light emission and absorption 154
7.8 Einstein’s A and B 155
7.9 Bosons are gregarious: superfluids and lasers 156
7.10 Crystal defects 157
7.11 Phonons on a string 157
7.12 Semiconductors 157
7.13 Bose condensation in a band 158
7.14 Bose condensation: the experiment 158
7.15 The photon-dominated Universe 159
7.16 White dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes 161
8 Calculation and computation 163
8.1 The Ising model 163
8.1.1 Magnetism 164
8.1.2 Binary alloys 165
8.1.3 Liquids, gases, and the critical point 166
8.1.4 How to solve the Ising model 166
8.2 Markov chains 167
8.3 What is a phase? Perturbation theory 171
Exercises 174
8.1 The Ising model 174
8.2 Ising fluctuations and susceptibilities 174
8.3 Coin flips and Markov 175
8.4 Red and green bacteria 175
8.5 Detailed balance 176
8.6 Metropolis 176
8.7 Implementing Ising 176
8.8 Wolff 177
8.9 Implementing Wolff 177
8.10 Stochastic cells 178
8.11 The repressilator 179
8.12 Entropy increases! Markov chains 182
8.13 Hysteresis and avalanches 182
8.14 Hysteresis algorithms 185
8.15 NP-completeness and kSAT 186
9 Order parameters, broken symmetry, and topology 191
9.1 Identify the broken symmetry 192
9.2 Define the order parameter 19211.7 Origami microstructure 255
11.8 Minimizing sequences and microstructure 258
11.9 Snowflakes and linear stability 259
12 Continuous phase transitions 263
12.1 Universality 265
12.2 Scale invariance 272
12.3 Examples of critical points 277
12.3.1 Equilibrium criticality: energy versus entropy 278
12.3.2 Quantum criticality: zero-point fluctuations versus
energy 278
12.3.3 Dynamical systems and the onset of chaos 279
12.3.4 Glassy systems: random but frozen 280
12.3.5 Perspectives 281
Exercises 282
12.1 Ising self-similarity 282
12.2 Scaling and corrections to scaling 282
12.3 Scaling and coarsening 282
12.4 Bifurcation theory 283
12.5 Mean-field theory 284
12.6 The onset of lasing 284
12.7 Renormalization-group trajectories 285
12.8 Superconductivity and the renormalization group 286
12.9 Period doubling 288
12.10 The renormalization group and the central limit
theorem: short 291
12.11 The renormalization group and the central limit
theorem: long 291
12.12 Percolation and universality 293
12.13 Hysteresis and avalanches: scaling 296
A Appendix: Fourier methods 299
A.1 Fourier conventions 299
A.2 Derivatives, convolutions, and correlations 302
A.3 Fourier methods and function space 303
A.4 Fourier and translational symmetry 305
Exercises 307
A.1 Sound wave 307
A.2 Fourier cosines 307
A.3 Double sinusoid 307
A.4 Fourier Gaussians 308
A.5 Uncertainty 309
A.6 Fourier relationships 309
A.7 Aliasing and windowing 310
A.8 White noise 311
A.9 Fourier matching 311
A.10 Gibbs phenomenon 311
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