Part III-A Little Bit of Everything
James B. Rogers, Jr.-Buying Value and Selling Hysteria
真正的投资大师罗杰斯,买入价值,卖出疯狂. 罗杰斯是索罗斯量子基金的共同创办人,他的名字大家应该都很熟悉了.
对罗杰斯的访谈里,有一个问题十分值得留意. 通常人们把高风险,高杠杆的品种,还有做空行为直接与投机划上等号,而且通常人们都认为量子基金进行的是巨额投机行为. 这个观念有着无比巨大的原则性误解! 罗杰斯交易全球的所有市场,股市,外汇,期货,国债等等.不管有无杠杆,也不管是做多还是做空. 但他在采访中非常坚持的认为自己的行为是"投资",买入价值,买出疯狂. 由此可见,投资不是局限于表面上买入股票长期持有;一切以个人观点为判断追随市场真实价值的手段都是投资,无论是否为高杠杆,无论是否为高风险!(在此再次感谢央视对大众投资知识的'普及')
和伟大的投机之王jesse livermore,以及另一个大师索罗斯一样,罗杰斯明白大手笔做空一个市场总是会得到莫须有的道德上的谴责。记得97亚洲金融危机的时候,我还是个很么都不懂的中学生,当时听到大人们谈论危机的罪魁祸首,觉得索罗斯一定是个罪恶滔天的江洋大盗形象。现在看过这些大师们的观点,才明白世人根本不了解市场道理是怎么运作的。一个市场的崩溃,只能是其内在的矛盾造成;将其原因归结在少数人的投机行为上(其实本质是投资行为),这无疑是天方夜谭。至于道德,市场不存在道德,只存在规则。最有名的就是索罗斯92年狙击英镑后说的那句话:If you don't want us to do it, change the rules.
对于市场的看法,
伟大的投机者都会告诉你,the market is always right!
但伟大的投资大师罗杰斯说:“The market is nearly always wrong. I can assure you of that.”
看到了吧,这就是投机与投资的最大不同。
最后,对于罗杰斯成功的原因,作者在本节最后的总结也十分值得一读。
Mark Weinstein-High-Percentage Trader
据Mark Weinstein自己说(他不是公开人物,没有交易记录可考证),在开始成功的交易之后,他没有一个亏损的月份,甚至没有一个亏损的星期,许多年间,他只记得有几天是亏损的.
看完访谈,觉得Mark Weinstein所说就算有所夸大,也并非完全没有可能. 首先,他只选择市场趋势并伴有强力动能的时候交易,并且支取中间一段,不要两头,这在很大程度保证了他交易的成功率. 其次,事实上这样的交易机会是很少发生的,但由于Mark Weinstein交易非常多的市场, 股票, 股指期权,股指期货,商品期货,国债期货,外汇等等,使得符合条件的交易机会大大增加.并且,这也保证了他有足够的信心去等待每一个完美的交易机会的发生,因为这么多的市场,总会有一个出现完美的机会,这样他就不需要去追逐那些成功率不到90%的机会了!
多么伟大的人物! 这让我想起了导师描述一些成功人士时经常说起的那句话: He just wait, and wait, and wait.
Part IV-The View from the Floor (场内交易员)
Brian Gelber-Broker Turned Trader
Brian Gelber的故事可以看出场内交易员(floor trader)与场外交易员(off-the-floor trader)的不同之处。最快速的信息,和身处交易所内对市场及时地直观感受是场内交易员最大的优势。比如Brian Gelber就经常倾听其他交易员的看法和操作,并从中得出对市场正在发生的事情的感受。
与受访的大部分交易员一样,Brian Gelber也说了这句在书中许多次重复出现的话:
It doesn't matter if I'm right. All that matters is whether I make money.
Tom Baldwin-The Fearless Pit Trader
又一个典型的场内交易员,与场外交易员有着明显的不同。再一次,成功人士告诉我们成功地交易需要完全抛弃‘自我’:
‘Actually, the best traders have no ego. ’
Tony Saliba-"One-Lot" Triumphs
Tony Saliba是CBOE的场内期权交易员。在经历了最初的挫折后,他用一手的头寸坚持交易,直到资金和信心都恢复后才增加头寸。(一手头寸的概念就是我们这种初学的培训者练习使用的,在交易所场内使用一手头寸,使得Tony Saliba在长达一年的时间里受到人们的耻笑)
Tony Saliba的期权交易策略(使用蝴蝶点差赚取时间成本,使用out-of-money calls and puts来下注波动率)在1987年10月17日那天大大获利。那一天他25岁,提前5年完成自己的目标:赚取百万美元然后退休。 当然,Tony Saliba没有退休,他对交易着迷的程度,使得许多女朋友都因此而抛弃他。在接受采访时,Tony Saliba大概27岁左右,身价八百万美元,但仍然单身。
Part V-The Psychology of Trading (交易心理)
Dr. Van K. Tharp-The Psychology of Trading
Dr. Van K. Tharp是专门研究交易心理的学者和咨询专家。他将影响交易的因素分为三大类,七小类;并研究这些因素与成功的关系:
psychological factor
a well-rounded personal life, a positive attitude, the motivation to make money, lack of conflict, and responsibility for results.
the decision-making area
a solid knowledge of technical factors in the market, an aptitude for making sound decisions without common biases, and the ability to think independently.
management-discipline factors
risk control, the ability to be patient, and intuition
有意思的是以下两个结论:
技术分析好坏与成功与否没有直接关系(我想这里指的不是技术分析用得不好可以成功,而是大部分人技术分析做得很好却没有成功)
天分和直觉与成功与否也没有直接关系
他的研究发现成功的交易员都有至少以下五个共同的信念:
top traders believe:
• Money is NOT important.
• It is OK to lose in the markets.
• Trading is a game.
• Mental rehearsal is important for success.
• They've won the game before they start.
在Dr. Van K. Tharp的访谈中,还有许多对于成功因素,失败因素的分析,都值得仔细研读。
Final word
最后,作者Jack D. Schwager总结了所有受访者成功的共性:
1. All those interviewed had a driving desire to become successful traders—in many cases, overcoming significant obstacles to reach their goal.
2. All reflected confidence that they could continue to win over the long run. Almost invariably, they considered their own trading as the best and safest investment for their money.
3. Each trader had found a methodology that worked for him and remained true to that approach. It is significant that discipline was the word most frequently mentioned.
4. The top traders take their trading very seriously; most devote a substantial amount of their waking hours to market analysis and trading strategy.
5. Rigid risk control is one of the key elements in the trading strategy of virtually all those interviewed.
6. In a variety of ways, many of the traders stressed the importance of having the patience to wait for the right trading opportunity to present itself.
7. The importance of acting independent of the crowd was a frequently emphasized point.
8. All the top traders understand that losing is part of the game.
9. They all love what they are doing.
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看这本书之前,从他处听来的意见是:要想成功,最好看看market wizards系列。
看完这本书之后,感受更强烈些:如果连market wizards都没看过,完全就不可能成功!