With a top-down approach, plans are set centrally and cascade down the organization.
Those receiving the plan and its targets are rarely consulted, and end up trying to achieve
something that they have neither bought into nor developed. Not surprisingly, this type of
planning is the least effective, especially if the planners do not take into account the circumstances
of those executing the plans. Outreach targets and timelines can easily be set
at unachievable levels, causing problems for those who implement the plan.红色字体是什么意思