这张图，可以有多种方法，ps最简单，tikz稍微麻烦些，R绘图函数应该也能实现但不确定如何实现。
我用tikz做了一个，代码如下：
\documentclass[17pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,decorations.text}
\newcommand{\framesize}{15cm}

\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture,font=\sffamily\bfseries,transform shape,every node/.style={inner sep=0pt}]

\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-21.5cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-21.5cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-23cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-23cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-9cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north);

\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-2cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north);
\draw[gray,dotted,line width=.05cm] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-2cm]current page.north)  - - ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north);


\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north) circle (0.2);
\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-23cm]current page.north) circle (0.96);
\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-21.5cm]current page.north) circle (1.49);
\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north) circle (2.26);
\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north) circle (3.91);
\filldraw[white,fill=blue] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north) circle (4.62);

\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-25cm]current page.north) circle (0.04);
\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-23cm]current page.north) circle (0.25);
\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-21.5cm]current page.north) circle (0.44);
\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north) circle (0.8);
\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north) circle (1.49);
\filldraw[yellow,fill=red] ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north) circle (1.95);

\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-3.5cm,yshift=-24.5cm]current page.north){\large 0.128\%};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-3.5cm,yshift=-22.5cm]current page.north){\large 2.9\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-21.5cm]current page.north){\large 7\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north){\large 16\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north){\large 48\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north){\large 67\%};

\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=4.5cm,yshift=-24.5cm]current page.north){\large 0.005\%};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=4.5cm,yshift=-22.5cm]current page.north){\large 0.2\%};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=4.5cm,yshift=-21cm]current page.north){\large 0.6\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-18.5cm]current page.north){\large 2\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-14cm]current page.north){\large 7\%};
\node[white,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.north){\large 12\%};

\node[gray,inner sep=4pt,text opacity=0.75] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-7.5cm]current page.north){\large 参加高考};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-13.5cm]current page.north){\large 全日制};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-18cm]current page.north){\large 本科};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-21cm]current page.north){\large 211};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-22.5cm]current page.north){\large 985};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt] (text) at ([xshift=-8cm,yshift=-24.5cm]current page.north){\large 清北};

\node[gray,inner sep=4pt,fill= gray!20] (text) at ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-2cm]current page.north){\large 城市};
\node[gray,inner sep=4pt,fill= gray!20] (text) at ([xshift=6.5cm,yshift=-2cm]current page.north){\large 农村};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出结果：

觉得这是一张气泡图，横坐标为包含城市和农村的城乡变量，纵坐标包含参加高考、全日制大学等指标的高考入学变量，关键是决定气泡大小的权重变量，但是奇怪的是城市+农村的比例不为100%，有的还很低，不太好理解，除城市和农村外还有什么来源？气泡图很多软件都可以做，R、Stata/SPSS/JMP/Tableau, 如果有原始数据，我想我能做出这个图来（当然得理解这些比例怎么算出来的，也就是除城市和农村外还有什么来源）

我的理解是城镇和农村应该是分开的，二者不可加，即67%由城镇中参加高考的人数除以城镇适龄人口数，而12%则由农村中参加高考的人数除以农村适龄人口数。然后关于这张图，据我观察，这可能就是在word或者PPT里边用形状、文本、线条拼凑而成。

用R做一个，效果不好。
数据：


代码：
#泡泡图

#加个包
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)

#读入数据，
ct<-read.csv("college_l.csv",header=T)

#改点东西
poptheme <- theme_minimal()+
  theme(
    panel.grid.minor.y=element_blank(),
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust =0.5),
    axis.text.y = element_text(angle = 0, vjust = 0, hjust =1),
    plot.title=element_text(face="bold",size=12,hjust =0),
    axis.line.y=element_line(linetype=1,color='white'),
    axis.line.x=element_line(linetype=1,color='white'),
    axis.ticks = element_line(linetype=2,color='grey'),
    panel.grid=element_line(linetype=2,color='grey'),
    #legend.background = element_rect(fill="gray90", size=0,color='white'),
    #legend.text=element_text(face="bold",size=8),
    #legend.title=element_text(face="bold",size=8),
    legend.position="none",
    axis.text=element_text(face="bold",size=12)
  )

#画泡泡
p<-ggplot(ct)
p+
  aes(x=type,y=position,color=factor(type))+
  geom_point(stat= "identity",aes(size=count),alpha=0.7,show.legend = TRUE)+
  guides(color=guide_legend(title="Year"))+
  scale_size(range = c(0, 67),guide=FALSE)+
  scale_color_manual(values=c("blue","red"))+
  scale_y_continuous(limits=c(4,27),breaks=c(5.5,7.5,8.5,11.5,16,22),labels=c("清北","985","211","本科","全日制","参加高考"))+
  labs(x=NULL,y=NULL,title='城市和农村适龄人口参加高考情况对比')+
  scale_x_discrete(labels=c("城市","农村"),position="top")+
  geom_text(aes(x=type,y=position,label=percent(count),hjust=0.5), size=5,color="black") +
  poptheme

结果：

我理解比例是指分别占城市或农村的适龄考学人口的比例，也就是说城市学生有33%不参加高考，而农村学生88%不参加高考