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2010 诺贝尔经济学奖得主的简历：戴尔-莫滕森
（续）
北京时间10月11日19时，瑞典皇家科学院公布备受关注的2010年诺贝尔经济学奖，授予麻省理工学院的彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)、美国西北大学的戴尔·莫滕森（Dale T. Mortensen）以及伦敦政治经济学院的克里斯托弗·皮萨里德斯(Christopher A. Pissarid)教授，三人将分享1000万瑞典克朗（约合140万美元）奖金。
2. 戴尔-莫滕森(Dale T. Mortensen
2010年诺贝尔经济学奖得主戴尔-莫滕森(Dale T. Mortensen)生于1939年2月2日，现年71岁。莫滕森是美国公民，现任职于美国西北大学。他主要的研究领域是劳动经济学。莫滕森在卡内基梅隆大学获得博士学位，在维拉马特大学获得学士学位。他的学术思想深受皮萨里迪德斯(Christopher A. Pissarides)的影响，今天后者也分享了诺贝尔经济学奖。
1965年以来莫滕森一直在美国西北大学任教。除劳动经济学外，他还研究宏观经济学和经济学理论。莫滕森最知名之处是他在摩擦性失业理论方面的开创性研究工作。从这一成果出发，他进一步研究了劳工移动率和再安置等方面的问题。
除2010年诺贝尔经济学奖外，莫滕森还获得过2005年IZA劳动经济学奖，2000年成为美国艺术和科学院院士，1979年成为美国计量经济学会会员，1965年获得亚历山大-亨德森奖。
Dale T. Mortensen 英文简历
Birth February 2, 1939 (1939-02-02) (age 71)
Nationality United States
Institution Northwestern University
Field Labor economics
Alma mater Carnegie Mellon University
Willamette University
Influenced Christopher A. Pissarides
Awards IZA Prize in Labor Economics (2005)
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2010
Dale Thomas Mortensen (born February 2, 1939) is an American economist. He received his B.A. in economics from Willamette University and his Ph.D. in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University. He has been on the faculty of Northwestern University since 1965 and a professor of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences at the Kellogg School of Management since 1980.[1] He is also the Niels Bohr Visiting Professor at the School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus, from 2006 to 2010. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics jointly along with Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics and Peter A. Diamond from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2010 for "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".
Mortensen's research focuses on labor economics, macroeconomics and economic theory. He is especially known for his pioneering work on the search and matching theory of frictional unemployment. He has extended the insights from this work to study labor turnover and reallocation, research and development, and personal relationships.
1. 彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)
彼得•戴蒙德生于1940年，1960年毕业于耶鲁大学，获数学学士学位；1963年，年仅23岁就获得了麻省理工学院经济学博士学位，之后在加州大学伯克利分校开始教学生涯。自1966年起至今，戴蒙德一直在麻省理工学院任教。2002至2003年，戴蒙德被推选为美国经济协会主席。
他在四十多年的学术生涯中，引领了宏观经济学研究潮流，不断开辟新的研究领域，为其他经济学家建立了研究标准和方向。戴蒙德获得了2010年诺贝尔经济学奖。由于他对美国社会保障政策的分析，以及80年代后期到90年代期间在社保咨询委员会中担任顾问一职而知名。
戴尔蒙德对许多领域做出了重要的贡献，包括：政府债务与资本积累、资本市场与风险分摊，税制优化，劳动市场上的买卖互相配对，以及社会保险问题。
戴尔蒙德的最优税收理论被广泛应用于公共政策领域，其著有《养老金改革：简要指南》、《养老金改革：原则和政策选择》、《行为经济学及其应用》等。
Peter A. Diamond
英文简历
Birth April 29, 1940 (1940-04-29) (age 70)
Nationality United States
Institution MIT
University of California, Berkeley
Field Political economics, welfare economics, behavioral economics
Alma mater MIT
Yale University
Awards Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences2010
Education and career
Diamond earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University in 1960 and defended a Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. He was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1964 to 1965 and an acting associate professor there before joining the MIT faculty as an associate professor in 1966. Diamond was promoted to full professor in 1970, served as head of the Department of Economics in 1985–86 and was named an Institute Professor in 1997.
Diamond was in 1968 elected a fellow and served as President of the Econometric Society. In 2003, he served as president of the American Economic Association. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978), and Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1984), and is a Founding Member of the National Academy of Social Insurance (1988). Diamond was the 2008 recipient of the Robert M. Ball Award for Outstanding Achievements in Social Insurance, awarded by NASI.[1]
Diamond wrote a book on Social Security with Peter R. Orszag, President Obama's former director of the Office of Management and Budget,[2] titled Saving Social security: a balanced approach (2004,-5, Brookings Institution Press).[3] An earlier paper from Brookings Institution introduced their ideas.[4]
On April 29, 2010, Diamond was announced by Barack Obama as one of three nominees to fill the three vacancies then present on the Federal Reserve Board, along with Janet Yellen and Sarah Bloom Raskin.[5] On August 5 the Senate returned Diamond's nomination to the White House, effectively rejecting his nomination.[6] President Obama renominated him on September 13.[7]
Ben Bernanke, the current Chairman of the Fed, was once a student of Diamond.[8]
Diamond was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in October 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen from Northwestern University and Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".[9]
Professional activity
Diamond has made fundamental contributions to a variety of areas, including government debt and capital accumulation, capital markets and risk sharing, optimal taxation, search and matching in labor markets, and social insurance.
Diamond (1965) – possibility of dynamic inefficiency
Diamond (1965) extended the representative agent growth model, where there is a fixed measure of infinitely-lived individuals, to a model where new individuals are continually being born and old individuals are continually dying.
Since individuals born at different times attain different utility levels, it is not clear how to evaluate social welfare. One of the main results of this paper is that the decentralized equilibrium might be dynamically Pareto efficient even though it is ex ante inefficient.
Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) – "Diamond-Mirrlees Efficiency Theorem"
Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) provide sufficient conditions for a second best Pareto efficient allocation with linear commodity taxation to require efficient production when a finite set of consumers have continuous single-valued demand functions.
Diamond and Mirrlees examine a situation in which the government requires a revenue raised by taxes but lump-sum taxation, and therefore a first-best Pareto optimal allocation of resources, is unavailable. However, if there are no other distortions in the economy (e.g. externalities), if firms are characterised by constant returns to scale and if the government can set the vector of indirect consumption taxes independently of production prices then it is optimal to have productive efficiency in the economy. This implies that there should be no taxes on intermediate goods and imports.
The key idea is that when the government can control all consumer prices, the producer prices are disconnected from the consumer prices and the consumption decision part of the optimal taxation problem becomes independent of the production decision.[10]
Diamond (1982) – labor market search and match
Diamond (1982) is one of the first papers which explicitly models firm and worker heterogeneity and how the search process might result in equilibrium unemployment.
Social Security policy
Diamond has focused much of his professional career on the analysis of U.S. Social Security policy as well as its analogs in other countries, such as China. In numerous journal articles and books, he has presented analyses of social welfare programs in general and the American Social Security Administration in particular. He has frequently proposed policy adjustments, such as incremental but small increases in social security contributions using actuarial tables to adjust for changes in life expectancy and an increase in the proportion of earnings that are subject to taxation.
1. 彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)英文简历
Diamond earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University in 1960 and defended a Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. He was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1964 to 1965 and an acting associate professor there before joining the MIT faculty as an associate professor in 1966. Diamond was promoted to full professor in 1970, served as head of the Department of Economics in 1985–86 and was named an Institute Professor in 1997.
Diamond was in 1968 elected a fellow and served as President of the Econometric Society. In 2003, he served as president of the American Economic Association. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978), a Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1984), and is a Founding Member of the National Academy of Social Insurance (1988). Diamond was the 2008 recipient of the Robert M. Ball Award for Outstanding Achievements in Social Insurance, awarded by NASI.[1]
Diamond wrote a book on Social Security with Peter R. Orszag, President Obama's former director of the Office of Management and Budget,[2] titled Saving Social security: a balanced approach (2004,-5, Brookings Institution Press).[3] An earlier paper from Brookings Institution introduced their ideas.[4]
On April 29, 2010, Diamond was announced by Barack Obama as one of three nominees to fill the three vacancies then present on the Federal Reserve Board, along with Janet Yellen and Sarah Bloom Raskin.[5] On August 5 the Senate returned Diamond's nomination to the White House, effectively rejecting his nomination.[6] President Obama renominated him on September 13.[7]
Ben Bernanke, the current Chairman of the Fed, was once a student of Diamond.[8]
Diamond was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in October 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen from Northwestern University and Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".
Diamond has made fundamental contributions to a variety of areas, including government debt and capital accumulation, capital markets and risk sharing, optimal taxation, search and matching in labor markets, and social insurance.
Diamond (1965) – possibility of dynamic inefficiency
Diamond (1965) extended the representative agent growth model, where there is a fixed measure of infinitely-lived individuals, to a model where new individuals are continually being born and old individuals are continually dying.
Since individuals born at different times attain different utility levels, it is not clear how to evaluate social welfare. One of the main results of this paper is that the decentralized equilibrium might be dynamically Pareto efficient even though it is ex ante inefficient.
Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) – "Diamond-Mirrlees Efficiency Theorem"
Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) provide sufficient conditions for a second best Pareto efficient allocation with linear commodity taxation to require efficient production when a finite set of consumers have continuous single-valued demand functions.
Diamond and Mirrlees examine a situation in which the government requires a revenue raised by taxes but lump-sum taxation, and therefore a first-best Pareto optimal allocation of resources, is unavailable. However, if there are no other distortions in the economy (e.g. externalities), if firms are characterised by constant returns to scale and if the government can set the vector of indirect consumption taxes independently of production prices then it is optimal to have productive efficiency in the economy. This implies that there should be no taxes on intermediate goods and imports.
The key idea is that when the government can control all consumer prices, the producer prices are disconnected from the consumer prices and the consumption decision part of the optimal taxation problem becomes independent of the production decision.[10]
Diamond (1982) – labor market search and match
Diamond (1982) is one of the first papers which explicitly models firm and worker heterogeneity and how the search process might result in equilibrium unemployment.
Social Security policy
Diamond has focused much of his professional career on the analysis of U.S. Social Security policy as well as its analogs in other countries, such as China. In numerous journal articles and books, he has presented analyses of social welfare programs in general and the American Social Security Administration in particular. He has frequently proposed policy adjustments, such as incremental but small increases in social security contributions using actuarial tables to adjust for changes in life expectancy and an increase in the proportion of earnings that are subject to taxation.
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