摘要翻译：
在以前的一项工作中（M.Campisi.Stud.Hist.Phil.M.P.36(2005)275-290)，我们在广义亥姆霍兹定理的基础上讨论了平衡热力学的力学基础。发现体积熵是热力学熵的一个很好的力学模拟，因为它满足热定理，是绝热不变量。这一性质以纯力学的方式解释了克劳修斯原理($s_f\geqs_i$)中的“等”号，并表明如果考虑非绝热变换，体积熵可以解释“大于”号（即熵增定律）。本文根据微观（量子或经典）力学的原理，证明了当初始平衡满足概率递减的自然条件时，当外部功源在绝缘系统上进行任意变换时，体积熵的期望值不会减小。这可以看作是第二定律的一个严谨的量子力学证明。我们讨论了这个结果如何与最小功原理相关，并比以前的尝试有所改进。熵的自然演化是朝着更大的值发展的，因为物质的自然状态是在正温度下。实际上，熵减定律在人工制备的负温系统中是成立的。
---
英文标题：
《Mechanical Proof of the Second Law of Thermodynamics Based on Volume
  Entropy》
---
作者：
Michele Campisi
---
最新提交年份：
2007
---
分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
--

---
英文摘要：
  In a previous work (M. Campisi. Stud. Hist. Phil. M. P. 36 (2005) 275-290) we have addressed the mechanical foundations of equilibrium thermodynamics on the basis of the Generalized Helmholtz Theorem. It was found that the volume entropy provides a good mechanical analogue of thermodynamic entropy because it satisfies the heat theorem and it is an adiabatic invariant. This property explains the ``equal'' sign in Clausius principle ($S_f \geq S_i$) in a purely mechanical way and suggests that the volume entropy might explain the ``larger than'' sign (i.e. the Law of Entropy Increase) if non adiabatic transformations were considered. Based on the principles of microscopic (quantum or classical) mechanics here we prove that, provided the initial equilibrium satisfy the natural condition of decreasing ordering of probabilities, the expectation value of the volume entropy cannot decrease for arbitrary transformations performed by some external sources of work on a insulated system. This can be regarded as a rigorous quantum mechanical proof of the Second Law. We discuss how this result relates to the Minimal Work Principle and improves over previous attempts. The natural evolution of entropy is towards larger values because the natural state of matter is at positive temperature. Actually the Law of Entropy Decrease holds in artificially prepared negative temperature systems.
---
PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/704.2567