摘要翻译：
人们经常说，生物学中没有规律，在那里一切都是偶然的，也可能是相反的，完全是历史偶然的结果。此外，传统上对基本生物实体的介绍，如单个有机体、细胞、基因、催化剂和马达，基本上仍然是描述性的；相比之下，几乎没有涉及演绎推理的建设性方法。因此，生物学的逻辑内容和原则都需要重新考虑。本文描述了对生物学基础的探讨。生物学的基础是根据元素、逻辑和原则建立的，使用语言和其他学科中使用的一般方法。这种方法假定存在超越学科界限的人类知识的某种统一性。莱布尼茨的充分理由原理通过引入对称性和非对称性以及必然性和偶然性的互补概念而得到修正。这是用来解释这四个概念是如何涉及到理论或自然规律的阐述。然后确定了生物学的四个基本理论：细胞理论、达尔文的自然选择理论、生命的信息理论（包括孟德尔的遗传理论）和生命的物理-化学理论。原子论和演绎推理被证明参与了自然选择、个体生命体、细胞及其繁殖、基因以及催化剂和马达等概念的阐述。这一工作有助于阐明生物学及其主要理论的哲学和逻辑结构。这将最终导致对生命起源、系统和合成生物学以及人工生命的更好理解。
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英文标题：
《Foundations of biology》
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作者：
Jean-Louis Sikorav, Alan Braslau, and Arach Goldar
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最新提交年份：
2014
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  It is often stated that there are no laws in biology, where everything is contingent and could have been otherwise, being solely the result of historical accidents. Furthermore, the customary introduction of fundamental biological entities such as individual organisms, cells, genes, catalysts and motors remains largely descriptive; constructive approaches involving deductive reasoning appear, in comparison, almost absent. As a consequence, both the logical content and principles of biology need to be reconsidered. The present article describes an inquiry into the foundations of biology. The foundations of biology are built in terms of elements, logic and principles, using both the language and the general methods employed in other disciplines. This approach assumes the existence of a certain unity of human knowledge that transcends discipline boundaries. Leibniz's principle of sufficient reason is revised through the introduction of the complementary concepts of symmetry and asymmetry and of necessity and contingency. This is used to explain how these four concepts are involved in the elaboration of theories or laws of nature. Four fundamental theories of biology are then identified: cell theory, Darwin's theory of natural selection, an informational theory of life (which includes Mendel's theory of inheritance) and a physico-chemical theory of life. Atomism and deductive reasoning are shown to enter into the elaboration of the concepts of natural selection, individual living organisms, cells and their reproduction, genes as well as catalysts and motors. This work contributes to clarify the philosophical and logical structure of biology and its major theories. This should ultimately lead to a better understanding of the origin of life, of system and synthetic biology, and of artificial life.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.3203