摘要翻译：
长期以来，健康营养宣传和法规一直被视为增加社会福利的工具。过去十年采取的途径之一是通过征收糖税来监管糖消费。这种税收增加了软饮料等产品中大量含糖的价格。本文考虑了一个典型的最优管制政策设计问题，其任务是确定使社会福利最大化的糖税税率。我们将问题建模为一个由三级数学程序表示的顺序博弈。在较高的水平上，政府决定税率。在中间层次上，生产者决定产品定价。在较低的层次上，消费者决定他们对产品的偏好。虽然一般的问题在计算上是困难的，但具有少数产品类型的问题是多项式可解的，即使对任意数量的异构消费者也是如此。本文提出了一个简单、直观、易于实现的计算在少数产品市场上最优糖税的框架。这与现实相似，例如，软饮料通常分为普通饮料或无糖饮料，如可口可乐和零可口可乐。通过一个基于实际数据的例子说明了该算法，并针对特定的本地市场得出了结论。
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英文标题：
《Optimal policy design for the sugar tax》
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作者：
Kelly Geyskens, Alexander Grigoriev, Niels Holtrop, Anastasia Nedelko
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最新提交年份：
2018
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：Theoretical Economics        理论经济学
分类描述：Includes theoretical contributions to Contract Theory, Decision Theory, Game Theory, General Equilibrium, Growth, Learning and Evolution, Macroeconomics, Market and Mechanism Design, and Social Choice.
包括对契约理论、决策理论、博弈论、一般均衡、增长、学习与进化、宏观经济学、市场与机制设计、社会选择的理论贡献。
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英文摘要：
  Healthy nutrition promotions and regulations have long been regarded as a tool for increasing social welfare. One of the avenues taken in the past decade is sugar consumption regulation by introducing a sugar tax. Such a tax increases the price of extensive sugar containment in products such as soft drinks. In this article we consider a typical problem of optimal regulatory policy design, where the task is to determine the sugar tax rate maximizing the social welfare. We model the problem as a sequential game represented by the three-level mathematical program. On the upper level, the government decides upon the tax rate. On the middle level, producers decide on the product pricing. On the lower level, consumers decide upon their preferences towards the products. While the general problem is computationally intractable, the problem with a few product types is polynomially solvable, even for an arbitrary number of heterogeneous consumers. This paper presents a simple, intuitive and easily implementable framework for computing optimal sugar tax in a market with a few products. This resembles the reality as the soft drinks, for instance, are typically categorized in either regular or no-sugar drinks, e.g. Coca-Cola and Coca-Cola Zero. We illustrate the algorithm using an example based on the real data and draw conclusions for a specific local market.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.07243