摘要翻译：
树突状细胞算法(DCA)作为人工免疫系统(AIS)的最新成员之一，已被应用于一系列问题。这些应用主要属于异常检测领域。然而，实时检测对异常检测提出了新的挑战，这就要求提高DCA的实时性。为了评估这种能力，可以采用实时系统研究中的形式化方法。评估的结果可以为该算法的未来发展提供指导。因此，在本文中，我们使用一种基于区间逻辑的方法，称为持续时间演算(DC)来描述DCA的一个简化的单细胞模型。基于DC规范和进一步的归纳，我们发现DCA中的每个单个单元都可以实时地执行其作为检测器的功能。由于DCA可以被看作是许多这样的单元并行操作，因此它有可能执行实时检测。然而，标准DCA的分析过程限制了其实时性。因此，我们得出结论，标准DCA的分析过程应该被一个实时分析组件所取代，该组件可以进行周期性的分析，以达到实时检测的目的。
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英文标题：
《Exploration Of The Dendritic Cell Algorithm Using The Duration Calculus》
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作者：
Feng Gu, Julie Greensmith, Uwe Aickelin
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最新提交年份：
2010
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分类信息：

一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Artificial Intelligence        人工智能
分类描述：Covers all areas of AI except Vision, Robotics, Machine Learning, Multiagent Systems, and Computation and Language (Natural Language Processing), which have separate subject areas. In particular, includes Expert Systems, Theorem Proving (although this may overlap with Logic in Computer Science), Knowledge Representation, Planning, and Uncertainty in AI. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes I.2.0, I.2.1, I.2.3, I.2.4, I.2.8, and I.2.11.
涵盖了人工智能的所有领域，除了视觉、机器人、机器学习、多智能体系统以及计算和语言（自然语言处理），这些领域有独立的学科领域。特别地，包括专家系统，定理证明（尽管这可能与计算机科学中的逻辑重叠），知识表示，规划，和人工智能中的不确定性。大致包括ACM学科类I.2.0、I.2.1、I.2.3、I.2.4、I.2.8和I.2.11中的材料。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Logic in Computer Science        计算机科学中的逻辑
分类描述：Covers all aspects of logic in computer science, including finite model theory, logics of programs, modal logic, and program verification. Programming language semantics should have Programming Languages as the primary subject area. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes D.2.4, F.3.1, F.4.0, F.4.1, and F.4.2; some material in F.4.3 (formal languages) may also be appropriate here, although Computational Complexity is typically the more appropriate subject area.
涵盖计算机科学中逻辑的所有方面，包括有限模型理论，程序逻辑，模态逻辑和程序验证。程序设计语言语义学应该把程序设计语言作为主要的学科领域。大致包括ACM学科类D.2.4、F.3.1、F.4.0、F.4.1和F.4.2中的材料；F.4.3（形式语言）中的一些材料在这里也可能是合适的，尽管计算复杂性通常是更合适的主题领域。
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英文摘要：
  As one of the newest members in Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) has been applied to a range of problems. These applications mainly belong to the field of anomaly detection. However, real-time detection, a new challenge to anomaly detection, requires improvement on the real-time capability of the DCA. To assess such capability, formal methods in the research of rea-time systems can be employed. The findings of the assessment can provide guideline for the future development of the algorithm. Therefore, in this paper we use an interval logic based method, named the Duration Calculus (DC), to specify a simplified single-cell model of the DCA. Based on the DC specifications with further induction, we find that each individual cell in the DCA can perform its function as a detector in real-time. Since the DCA can be seen as many such cells operating in parallel, it is potentially capable of performing real-time detection. However, the analysis process of the standard DCA constricts its real-time capability. As a result, we conclude that the analysis process of the standard DCA should be replaced by a real-time analysis component, which can perform periodic analysis for the purpose of real-time detection.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1003.0404