摘要翻译：
海岸侵蚀是一种全球性和普遍的现象，这意味着需要对未来管理海岸价值和资产（包括已建成的和天然的）采取战略方针，我们应该投资于旨在保护特定海岸特征的海堤等保护性结构，还是允许自然海岸线后退以保护沙滩和其他沿海生态系统。在具体情况下确定最合适的管理办法需要更好地了解沿海人口对沿海资产的全部经济价值，包括非市场价值。在这项研究中，我们描述了新南威尔士州居民支付维护沙滩（宽度和长度）的意愿。我们利用一个潜在类二元Logit模型的创新应用来处理赞成和反对的问题，并揭示样本成员之间潜在的异质性。我们发现65%的人口愿意支付一定数量的税收，这取决于政策设置。在大多数情况下，沙滩恶化的程度，即沙滩宽度和长度的损失，在5%至100%之间，对受访者支付管理税的意愿没有影响。这表明，同意支付管理费的受访者是出于保护沙滩现状的动机，而不考虑海岸侵蚀可能导致沙子流失的严重程度。支付意愿也因海滩类型而异（在标志性海滩、主要海滩、海湾海滩和冲浪海滩之间）这一发现可以帮助确定海岸管理的空间优先次序。不承认数据中存在否定者，或承认他们但从估计中消除他们，将导致有偏见的支付意愿结果，从而导致沿海管理人员有偏见的政策主张。
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英文标题：
《Preserve or retreat? Willingness-to-pay for Coastline Protection in New
  South Wales》
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作者：
Ali Ardeshiri, Joffre Swait, Elizabeth C. Heagney, Mladen Kovac
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最新提交年份：
2019
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  Coastal erosion is a global and pervasive phenomenon that predicates a need for a strategic approach to the future management of coastal values and assets (both built and natural), should we invest in protective structures like seawalls that aim to preserve specific coastal features, or allow natural coastline retreat to preserve sandy beaches and other coastal ecosystems. Determining the most suitable management approach in a specific context requires a better understanding of the full suite of economic values the populations holds for coastal assets, including non-market values. In this study, we characterise New South Wales residents willingness to pay to maintain sandy beaches (width and length). We use an innovative application of a Latent Class Binary Logit model to deal with Yea-sayers and Nay-sayers, as well as revealing the latent heterogeneity among sample members. We find that 65% of the population would be willing to pay some amount of levy, dependent on the policy setting. In most cases, there is no effect of degree of beach deterioration characterised as loss of width and length of sandy beaches of between 5% and 100% on respondents willingness to pay for a management levy. This suggests that respondents who agreed to pay a management levy were motivated to preserve sandy beaches in their current state irrespective of the severity of sand loss likely to occur as a result of coastal erosion. Willingness to pay also varies according to beach type (amongst Iconic, Main, Bay and Surf beaches) a finding that can assist with spatial prioritisation of coastal management. Not recognizing the presence of nay-sayers in the data or recognizing them but eliminating them from the estimation will result in biased WTP results and, consequently, biased policy propositions by coastal managers.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.03310