摘要翻译：
虽然存在技术的定义来解释技术创新的模式，但没有一个一般性的定义来解释技术对人类和其他动物物种在环境中的作用。本研究的目的是提出一个新的技术概念，并以系统的、有目的的视角进行技术分析。这里的技术是一个复杂的人工制品系统，由一个以上的实体或子系统以及系统中每个实体和至少一个其他实体之间的关系组成，这些实体和子系统考虑到实际的、技术的和经济的特征，以满足用户的需要、实现目标和解决问题，从而适应和生存环境。技术改变了当前的认知和行动模式，使制造商和或用户能够利用重要的机会或应对随之而来的环境威胁。技术作为一个复杂系统，是由增量创新和激进创新赋予的不同要素构成的。技术变革是由技术轨迹和技术范式的变化驱动的系统从T1向T2、T3等的进步。这里有几个例子说明了这些概念，一个带有初步实证分析的简单模型说明了如何操作所建议的技术定义。因此，总的来说，适应的作用（即生殖优势）可以解释为采用者利用重要机会或应对环境威胁而使用技术的主要驱动力。这项研究开始了尽可能澄清和概括技术概念的过程，以一个新的视角，它可以为发展更复杂的概念和理论来解释环境中的技术和经济变化奠定基础。
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英文标题：
《A new concept of technology with systemic-purposeful perpsective:
  theory, examples and empirical application》
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作者：
Mario Coccia
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最新提交年份：
2019
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  Although definitions of technology exist to explain the patterns of technological innovations, there is no general definition that explain the role of technology for humans and other animal species in environment. The goal of this study is to suggest a new concept of technology with a systemic-purposeful perspective for technology analysis. Technology here is a complex system of artifact, made and_or used by living systems, that is composed of more than one entity or sub-system and a relationship that holds between each entity and at least one other entity in the system, selected considering practical, technical and_or economic characteristics to satisfy needs, achieve goals and_or solve problems of users for purposes of adaptation and_or survival in environment. Technology T changes current modes of cognition and action to enable makers and_or users to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with consequential environmental threats. Technology, as a complex system, is formed by different elements given by incremental and radical innovations. Technological change generates the progress from a system T1 to T2, T3, etc. driven by changes of technological trajectories and technological paradigms. Several examples illustrate here these concepts and a simple model with a preliminary empirical analysis shows how to operationalize the suggested definition of technology. Overall, then, the role of adaptation (i.e. reproductive advantage) can be explained as a main driver of technology use for adopters to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with environmental threats. This study begins the process of clarifying and generalizing, as far as possible, the concept of technology with a new perspective that it can lay a foundation for the development of more sophisticated concepts and theories to explain technological and economic change in environment.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.05689