摘要翻译：
为什么熵导数几乎以它们自己的方式来表征一个接近平衡的系统的状态，以及在离平衡更远的地方会发生什么？我们在马尔可夫跳跃过程的框架内解释了为什么涨落理论可以基于只涉及熵产生的考虑，当围绕详细的平衡条件进行扰动时。变分原理，如最小熵产生原理，就是这样理解的。然而，在离平衡更远的地方，动态波动揭示了一个时间对称扇区进入的关键结构。密度和电流的涨落被耦合起来，一个时间对称的动力学活动的概念成为熵产生的对应物和平等的参与者。结果用一个扩展的Onsager-Machlup拉格朗日公式进行了总结，该公式在二次近似下对非平衡系统的小涨落具有很好的通用性，而非平衡系统的宏观行为可以用一个自主地描述密度和电流随时间变化的主方程来描述。
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英文标题：
《On and beyond entropy production: the case of Markov jump processes》
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作者：
Christian Maes, Karel Neto\v{c}n\'y, Bram Wynants
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  How is it that entropy derivatives almost in their own are characterizing the state of a system close to equilibrium, and what happens further away from it? We explain within the framework of Markov jump processes why fluctuation theory can be based on considerations involving entropy production alone when perturbing around the detailed balance condition. Variational principles such as that of minimum entropy production are understood in that way. Yet, further away from equilibrium, dynamical fluctuations reveal a structure where the time-symmetric sector crucially enters. The fluctuations of densities and currents get coupled and a time-symmetric notion of dynamical activity becomes the counterpart and equal player to the entropy production. The results are summarized in an extended Onsager-Machlup Lagrangian, which in its quadratic approximation is expected to be quite general in governing the small fluctuations of nonequilibrium systems whose macroscopic behavior can be written in terms of a Master equation autonomously describing the time-dependence of densities and currents.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/709.4327