摘要翻译：
平等的投票权是民主政府的一个核心特征。利用数百万智能手机用户的数据，我们量化了2016年美国总统选举期间全国范围内投票站投票等待时间的种族差异。相对于完全白人社区，完全黑人社区的居民等待投票的时间要长29%，在投票站花30分钟以上的可能性要高74%。这种差异在相同的州和县内以白人和黑人为主的投票站进行比较时仍然存在，并通过了无数的稳健性和安慰剂测试。我们揭示了产生这些结果的机制，并讨论了地理空间数据如何成为衡量和监测这些差距的有效工具。
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英文标题：
《Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from Smartphone Data》
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作者：
M. Keith Chen, Kareem Haggag, Devin G. Pope, and Ryne Rohla
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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一级分类：Statistics        统计学
二级分类：Applications        应用程序
分类描述：Biology, Education, Epidemiology, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Medical, Physical Sciences, Quality Control, Social Sciences
生物学，教育学，流行病学，工程学，环境科学，医学，物理科学，质量控制，社会科学
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英文摘要：
  Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from millions of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Relative to entirely-white neighborhoods, residents of entirely-black neighborhoods waited 29% longer to vote and were 74% more likely to spend more than 30 minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties, and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to both measure and monitor these disparities going forward.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00024