摘要翻译：
在空间领域使用的一个流行的类比是历史建筑项目，特别是大教堂，花了几十年，在某些情况下是几个世纪才完成。大教堂经常被作为长期项目的原型。在本文中，我将从项目管理和系统架构的角度来探索大教堂，并得出空间领域长期项目的含义，特别是开发星际飞船。我将表明，大教堂作为一个持续的长期项目的流行形象与目前的研究状态相矛盾。更具体地说，我将表明以下主张：大教堂是根据最初的详细总体规划建造的；建筑是一个持续的过程，坚持总体规划；不断为建造过程提供投资。虽然最初的计划可能已经存在，但建造过程往往在多个活动中进行，有时间隔几十年。这种中断使知识保存变得非常困难。长期不活动的原因主要是缺乏资金。因此，资金供应与建筑活动同时进行。这些发现为今天的长期项目描绘了一幅更相关的大教堂建筑图景：尽管存在一系列关于技能损失、资金短缺和中断的不确定性，一个项目如何完成？通过开发模块化体系结构，允许扩展性和灵活性，在早期考虑价值交付，以及建立稳定资金的机制和组织，可以得出结论，诸如星际探索计划这样的长期项目可以从大教堂中获得灵感。
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英文标题：
《The Cathedral and the Starship: Learning from the Middle Ages for Future
  Long-Duration Projects》
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作者：
Andreas M. Hein
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Popular Physics        大众物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Space Physics        空间物理学
分类描述：Space plasma physics. Heliophysics. Space weather. Planetary magnetospheres, ionospheres and magnetotail. Auroras. Interplanetary space. Cosmic rays. Synchrotron radiation. Radio astronomy.
空间等离子体物理。太阳物理学。太空气象。行星磁球、电离层和磁尾。极光。行星际空间。宇宙射线。同步辐射。射电天文学。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  A popular analogue used in the space domain is that of historical building projects, notably cathedrals that took decades and in some cases centuries to complete. Cathedrals are often taken as archetypes for long-term projects. In this article, I will explore the cathedral from the point of view of project management and systems architecting and draw implications for long-term projects in the space domain, notably developing a starship. I will show that the popular image of a cathedral as a continuous long-term project is in contradiction to the current state of research. More specifically, I will show that for the following propositions: The cathedrals were built based on an initial detailed master plan; Building was a continuous process that adhered to the master plan; Investments were continuously provided for the building process. Although initial plans might have existed, the construction process took often place in multiple campaigns, sometimes separated by decades. Such interruptions made knowledge-preservation very challenging. The reason for the long stretches of inactivity was mostly due to a lack of funding. Hence, the availability of funding coincided with construction activity. These findings paint a much more relevant picture of cathedral building for long-duration projects today: How can a project be completed despite a range of uncertainties regarding loss in skills, shortage in funding, and interruptions? It is concluded that long-term projects such as an interstellar exploration program can take inspiration from cathedrals by developing a modular architecture, allowing for extensibility and flexibility, thinking about value delivery at an early point, and establishing mechanisms and an organization for stable funding.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.03654