摘要翻译：
介绍了一种固定效应回归估计器，它可以在一个回归步骤中直接识别和估计非洲假体，从而可以很容易地估计其正确的标准误差以及与其他系数的相关性。我们可以估计镍的偏差，发现它微乎其微。半参数扩展检查Africa-Dummy是否只是函数形式规范错误的结果。特别是，我们表明，与世界其他国家相比，撒哈拉以南非洲国家的增长因素回报是不同的。例如，人口增长的回报是正的，β收敛速度更快。在扩展模型以确定非洲假体随着时间的发展时，我们看到它随着时间的推移一直在急剧变化，对撒哈拉以南非洲国家的惩罚逐渐减少，在千年之交变得微不足道。
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英文标题：
《The Africa-Dummy: Gone with the Millennium?》
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作者：
Max K\"ohler, Stefan Sperlich
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最新提交年份：
2019
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：Econometrics        计量经济学
分类描述：Econometric Theory, Micro-Econometrics, Macro-Econometrics, Empirical Content of Economic Relations discovered via New Methods, Methodological Aspects of the Application of Statistical Inference to Economic Data.
计量经济学理论，微观计量经济学，宏观计量经济学，通过新方法发现的经济关系的实证内容，统计推论应用于经济数据的方法论方面。
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英文摘要：
  A fixed effects regression estimator is introduced that can directly identify and estimate the Africa-Dummy in one regression step so that its correct standard errors as well as correlations to other coefficients can easily be estimated. We can estimate the Nickel bias and found it to be negligibly tiny. Semiparametric extensions check whether the Africa-Dummy is simply a result of misspecification of the functional form. In particular, we show that the returns to growth factors are different for Sub-Saharan African countries compared to the rest of the world. For example, returns to population growth are positive and beta-convergence is faster. When extending the model to identify the development of the Africa-Dummy over time we see that it has been changing dramatically over time and that the punishment for Sub-Saharan African countries has been decreasing incrementally to reach insignificance around the turn of the millennium.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.02357