摘要翻译：
新兴的自动驾驶汽车(AV)既可以补充公共交通(PT)系统，也可以与之竞争。本研究考察了在五种管制结构下，在AV运营商是否允许改变机队规模和PT运营商是否允许调整进度的情况下，AV运营商和PT运营商都以利润为导向的动态可调整供应策略下的竞争视角，研究了AV运营商和PT运营商是否允许改变机队规模和PT运营商是否允许调整进度。五种情形中有四种是有约束竞争，另一种是无约束竞争，以求纳什均衡。我们从AV运营商、PT运营商、乘客和运输当局这四个利益相关者的角度来评估竞争过程和系统性能。我们还考察了PT补贴对竞争结果的影响，包括基于需求的补贴和基于供应的补贴。提出了一种基于运营商的历史行为和利润来更新AV和PT供应策略的启发式算法。一个基于Agent的仿真模型在新加坡Tampines的第一英里场景中实现。我们发现，与现状相比，竞争可以为运营商带来更高的利润和更高的系统效率。供应更新后，PT服务在空间上集中于直达地铁站的较短路线，在时间上集中于高峰时段。平均而言，竞争减少了乘客的旅行时间，但增加了他们的旅行成本。尽管如此，在计入时间价值时，广义旅行费用减少了。就系统效率而言，母线供电调整增加了平均车辆负荷，减少了以乘用车当量(PCE)衡量的总车辆行驶公里，而AV供电调整则相反。
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英文标题：
《Competition between shared autonomous vehicles and public transit: A
  case study in Singapore》
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作者：
Baichuan Mo, Zhejing Cao, Hongmou Zhang, Yu Shen, Jinhua Zhao
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最新提交年份：
2021
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computer Science and Game Theory        计算机科学与博弈论
分类描述：Covers all theoretical and applied aspects at the intersection of computer science and game theory, including work in mechanism design, learning in games (which may overlap with Learning), foundations of agent modeling in games (which may overlap with Multiagent systems), coordination, specification and formal methods for non-cooperative computational environments. The area also deals with applications of game theory to areas such as electronic commerce.
涵盖计算机科学和博弈论交叉的所有理论和应用方面，包括机制设计的工作，游戏中的学习（可能与学习重叠），游戏中的agent建模的基础（可能与多agent系统重叠），非合作计算环境的协调、规范和形式化方法。该领域还涉及博弈论在电子商务等领域的应用。
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一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  Emerging autonomous vehicles (AV) can either supplement the public transportation (PT) system or compete with it. This study examines the competitive perspective where both AV and PT operators are profit-oriented with dynamic adjustable supply strategies under five regulatory structures regarding whether the AV operator is allowed to change the fleet size and whether the PT operator is allowed to adjust headway. Four out of the five scenarios are constrained competition while the other one focuses on unconstrained competition to find the Nash Equilibrium. We evaluate the competition process as well as the system performance from the standpoints of four stakeholders -- the AV operator, the PT operator, passengers, and the transport authority. We also examine the impact of PT subsidies on the competition results including both demand-based and supply-based subsidies. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to update supply strategies for AV and PT based on the operators' historical actions and profits. An agent-based simulation model is implemented in the first-mile scenario in Tampines, Singapore. We find that the competition can result in higher profits and higher system efficiency for both operators compared to the status quo. After the supply updates, the PT services are spatially concentrated to shorter routes feeding directly to the subway station and temporally concentrated to peak hours. On average, the competition reduces the travel time of passengers but increases their travel costs. Nonetheless, the generalized travel cost is reduced when incorporating the value of time. With respect to the system efficiency, the bus supply adjustment increases the average vehicle load and reduces the total vehicle kilometer traveled measured by the passenger car equivalent (PCE), while the AV supply adjustment does the opposite.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.03197