摘要翻译：
本文建立了失业差距的充分统计公式--实际失业率与有效失业率之差。虽然降低失业率可以让更多的人投入工作，但它迫使公司发布更多的空缺职位，并投入更多的资源来招聘。这种由贝弗里奇曲线支配的失业-空缺权衡决定了有效失业率。因此，可以从三个充分的统计数据来衡量失业差距：贝弗里奇曲线的弹性、失业的社会成本和招聘成本。将这一公式应用于美国，1951-2019年，我们发现有效失业率平均为4.3%，始终保持在3.0%-5.4%之间，1990年以来稳定在3.8%-4.6%之间。因此，失业差距是反周期的，在衰退时达到6个百分点。因此，美国的劳动力市场通常是低效的，尤其是在衰退中低效的松弛。反过来，失业差距是设计劳动力市场和宏观经济政策的重要统计数据。
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英文标题：
《Beveridgean Unemployment Gap》
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作者：
Pascal Michaillat, Emmanuel Saez
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最新提交年份：
2021
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  This paper develops a sufficient-statistic formula for the unemployment gap -- the difference between the actual unemployment rate and the efficient unemployment rate. While lowering unemployment puts more people into work, it forces firms to post more vacancies and to devote more resources to recruiting. This unemployment-vacancy tradeoff, governed by the Beveridge curve, determines the efficient unemployment rate. Accordingly, the unemployment gap can be measured from three sufficient statistics: elasticity of the Beveridge curve, social cost of unemployment, and cost of recruiting. Applying this formula to the United States, 1951--2019, we find that the efficient unemployment rate averages 4.3%, always remains between 3.0% and 5.4%, and has been stable between 3.8% and 4.6% since 1990. As a result, the unemployment gap is countercyclical, reaching 6 percentage points in slumps. The US labor market is therefore generally inefficient and especially inefficiently slack in slumps. In turn, the unemployment gap is a crucial statistic to design labor-market and macroeconomic policies.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.05271