摘要翻译:
机动性弹性是指个体在交通系统受到意外干扰的情况下仍能完成预期旅行的能力。新的按需移动选择(如ridesourcing服务)填补移动中不可预测的空白的潜力是一个尚未被充分利用的适应能力来源。通过对新发布的ridesourcing数据应用自然实验方法,通过分析在种族和经济多样化的芝加哥市意外的轨道交通服务中断期间ridesourcing使用的变化,我们研究了在交通系统突然受到冲击时按需移动性填补空白作用的变化。使用多级混合模型,我们不仅控制中断发生的直接站属性,而且在三级结构中控制社区区域和城市象限的更广泛背景。因此,除了控制车站水平影响之外,未观察到的跨街区的可变性可以与诸如公交乘客或居民的社会经济地位等因素的差异相关联。我们的研究发现,在轨道交通中断期间,个体使用ridesourcing作为一种填补间隙的机制,但在不同的情境和位置背景下存在很大的差异。具体地说,我们的结果显示,在工作日、非节假日和更严重的干扰期间,以及在白人居民和过境通勤者比例较高的社区地区,以及在城市更富裕的北部,交通干扰响应型骑车出行的增加更大。这些发现指出了新的见解,对ridesourcing如何通过在中断期间提供额外的能力来补充现有的交通网络具有深远的影响,但似乎没有给低收入的有色人种社区带来公平的填补空白的好处,这些社区通常有更有限的流动选择。
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英文标题:
《Disparities in ridesourcing demand for mobility resilience: A multilevel
analysis of neighborhood effects in Chicago, Illinois》
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作者:
Elisa Borowski and Jason Soria and Joseph Schofer and Amanda
Stathopoulos
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最新提交年份:
2020
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分类信息:
一级分类:Physics 物理学
二级分类:Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述:Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体(人类或其他)的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统(如能源网、运输网络)的物理和工程。
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一级分类:Economics 经济学
二级分类:General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述:General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类:Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类:Economics 经济学
分类描述:q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学,包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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一级分类:Statistics 统计学
二级分类:Applications 应用程序
分类描述:Biology, Education, Epidemiology, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Medical, Physical Sciences, Quality Control, Social Sciences
生物学,教育学,流行病学,工程学,环境科学,医学,物理科学,质量控制,社会科学
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英文摘要:
Mobility resilience refers to the ability of individuals to complete their desired travel despite unplanned disruptions to the transportation system. The potential of new on-demand mobility options, such as ridesourcing services, to fill unpredicted gaps in mobility is an underexplored source of adaptive capacity. Applying a natural experiment approach to newly released ridesourcing data, we examine variation in the gap-filling role of on-demand mobility during sudden shocks to a transportation system by analyzing the change in use of ridesourcing during unexpected rail transit service disruptions across the racially and economically diverse city of Chicago. Using a multilevel mixed model, we control not only for the immediate station attributes where the disruption occurs, but also for the broader context of the community area and city quadrant in a three-level structure. Thereby the unobserved variability across neighborhoods can be associated with differences in factors such as transit ridership, or socio-economic status of residents, in addition to controlling for station level effects. Our findings reveal that individuals use ridesourcing as a gap-filling mechanism during rail transit disruptions, but there is strong variation across situational and locational contexts. Specifically, our results show larger increases in transit disruption responsive ridesourcing during weekdays, nonholidays, and more severe disruptions, as well as in community areas that have higher percentages of White residents and transit commuters, and on the more affluent northside of the city. These findings point to new insights with far-reaching implications on how ridesourcing complements existing transport networks by providing added capacity during disruptions but does not appear to bring equitable gap-filling benefits to low-income communities of color that typically have more limited mobility options.
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