摘要翻译：
基于RES的电力系统中的交通电气化将支持交通部门的脱碳。然而，由于能源需求的增加和充电的巨大峰值效应，电动汽车的无源集成可能会破坏可持续性努力。本研究调查了欧洲电动汽车的三种不同充电策略，它们提供了不同程度的灵活性：被动充电、智能充电和汽车到电网，并将这种灵活性与互联提供的灵活性结合起来。我们使用Balmorel优化工具来表示能源系统中的短期调度和长期终止，我们在开发新方法方面做出了贡献。我们的结果表明，在2050年之前，增加充电灵活性的每一步如何降低系统成本，影响能源组合，影响现货价格，并减少二氧化碳排放。我们量化了灵活充电和可变发电是如何相互支持的(2050年风能和太阳能的100TWH)，并限制了固定电池的商业案例，其中被动充电导致太阳能替代风能。通过对有无联网扩展的每种收费方案的比较，突出了欧洲国家在电气化交通环境下电价和二氧化碳排放方面的相互作用。尽管在欧盟一级最灵活的情况下取得了最佳结果，但拥有最便宜和最脱碳电力组合的国家的情况受到了损害，这要求在欧盟一级采取适应的协调政策。
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英文标题：
《From passive to active: Flexibility from electric vehicles in the
  context of transmission system development》
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作者：
Philipp Andreas Gunkel, Claire Bergaentzl\\\'e, Ida Gr{\\ae}sted Jensen,
  Fabian Scheller
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  Electrification of transport in RES-based power system will support the decarbonisation of the transportsector. However, due to the increase in energy demand and the large peak effects of charging, the passiveintegration of electric cars is likely to undermine sustainability efforts. This study investigates three differentcharging strategies for electric vehicle in Europe offering various degrees of flexibility: passive charging,smart charging and vehicle-to-grid, and puts this flexibility in perspective with the flexibility offered byinterconnections. We use the Balmorel optimization tool to represent the short-term dispatch and long-terminvestment in the energy system and we contribute to the state-of-the-art in developing new methodologiesto represent home charging and battery degradation. Our results show how each step of increased chargingflexibility reduces system costs, affects energy mix, impacts spot prices and reduces CO2 emissions untilthe horizon 2050. We quantify how flexible charging and variable generation mutually support each other(?100TWh from wind and solar energy in 2050) and restrict the business case for stationary batteries, whereaspassive charging results in a substitution of wind by solar energy. The comparison of each charging schemewith and without interconnection expansion highlights the interplay between European countries in terms ofelectricity prices and CO2 emissions in the context of electrified transport. Although the best outcome isreached under the most flexible scenario at the EU level, the situation of the countries with the cheapest andmost decarbonised electricity mix is damaged, which calls for adapted coordination policy at the EU level.
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