英文标题：
《Trade integration and trade imbalances in the European Union: a network
  perspective》
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作者：
Gautier M. Krings, Jean-Fran\\c{c}ois Carpantier and Jean-Charles
  Delvenne
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最新提交年份：
2013
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英文摘要：
  We study the ever more integrated and ever more unbalanced trade relationships between European countries. To better capture the complexity of economic networks, we propose two global measures that assess the trade integration and the trade imbalances of the European countries. These measures are the network (or indirect) counterparts to traditional (or direct) measures such as the trade-to-GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and trade deficit-to-GDP ratios. Our indirect tools account for the European inter-country trade structure and follow (i) a decomposition of the global trade flow into elementary flows that highlight the long-range dependencies between exporting and importing economies and (ii) the commute-time distance for trade integration,which measures the impact of a perturbation in the economy of a country on another country, possibly through intermediate partners by domino effect. Our application addresses the impact of the launch of the Euro. We find that the indirect imbalance measures better identify the countries ultimately bearing deficits and surpluses, by neutralizing the impact of trade transit countries, such as the Netherlands. Among others, we find that ultimate surpluses of Germany are quite concentrated in only three partners. We also show that for some countries, the direct and indirect measures of trade integration diverge, thereby revealing that these countries (e.g. Greece and Portugal) trade to a smaller extent with countries considered as central in the European Union network.
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中文摘要：
我们研究欧洲国家之间越来越一体化、越来越不平衡的贸易关系。为了更好地捕捉经济网络的复杂性，我们提出了两项评估欧洲国家贸易一体化和贸易失衡的全球措施。这些措施是传统（或直接）措施的网络（或间接）对应措施，如贸易对GDP（国内生产总值）和贸易赤字对GDP的比率。我们的间接工具考虑了欧洲国家间贸易结构，并遵循（i）将全球贸易流分解为基本流，突出了出口和进口经济体之间的长期依赖性，以及（ii）贸易一体化的通勤时间距离，它衡量了一国经济波动对另一国的影响，可能是通过多米诺效应的中间合作伙伴。我们的应用程序解决了欧元启动的影响。我们发现，通过抵消贸易过境国（如荷兰）的影响，间接失衡措施可以更好地确定最终承担赤字和盈余的国家。其中，我们发现德国的最终盈余相当集中在三个伙伴国。我们还表明，对于一些国家来说，贸易一体化的直接和间接措施有所不同，从而表明这些国家（如希腊和葡萄牙）与被视为欧盟网络中心的国家的贸易规模较小。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science        计算工程、金融和科学
分类描述：Covers applications of computer science to the mathematical modeling of complex systems in the fields of science, engineering, and finance. Papers here are interdisciplinary and applications-oriented, focusing on techniques and tools that enable challenging computational simulations to be performed, for which the use of supercomputers or distributed computing platforms is often required. Includes material in ACM Subject Classes J.2, J.3, and J.4 (economics).
涵盖了计算机科学在科学、工程和金融领域复杂系统的数学建模中的应用。这里的论文是跨学科和面向应用的，集中在技术和工具，使挑战性的计算模拟能够执行，其中往往需要使用超级计算机或分布式计算平台。包括ACM学科课程J.2、J.3和J.4（经济学）中的材料。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability        数据分析、统计与概率
分类描述：Methods, software and hardware for physics data analysis: data processing and storage; measurement methodology; statistical and mathematical aspects such as parametrization and uncertainties.
物理数据分析的方法、软硬件：数据处理与存储；测量方法；统计和数学方面，如参数化和不确定性。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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