英文标题：
《Promotion through Connections: Favors or Information?》
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作者：
Yann Bramoull\\\'e and Kenan Huremovi\\\'c
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最新提交年份：
2020
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英文摘要：
  Connections appear to be helpful in many contexts such as obtaining a job, a promotion, a grant, a loan or publishing a paper. This may be due to favoritism or to information conveyed by connections. Attempts at identifying both effects have relied on measures of true quality, generally built from data collected long after promotion. This empirical strategy faces important limitations. Building on earlier work on discrimination, we propose a new method to identify favors and information from classical data collected at time of promotion. Under natural assumptions, we show that promotion decisions look more random for connected candidates, due to the information channel. We obtain new identification results and show how probit models with heteroscedasticity can be used to estimate the strength of the two effects. We apply our method to the data on academic promotions in Spain studied in Zinovyeva & Bagues (2015). We find evidence of both favors and information effects at work. Empirical results are consistent with evidence obtained from quality measures collected five years after promotion.
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中文摘要：
关系在很多情况下似乎都很有用，例如获得工作、晋升、补助金、贷款或发表论文。这可能是由于偏袒或关系传递的信息。确定这两种影响的尝试都依赖于真实质量的衡量，通常是根据升职后很久收集的数据构建的。这种经验性策略面临着重要的局限性。在早期歧视研究的基础上，我们提出了一种从晋升时收集的经典数据中识别偏好和信息的新方法。在自然假设下，我们发现，由于信息渠道的原因，有关联的候选人的晋升决策看起来更随机。我们获得了新的识别结果，并展示了如何使用具有异方差的probit模型来估计这两种效应的强度。我们将我们的方法应用于Zinovyeva&Bagues（2015）研究的西班牙学术晋升数据。我们在工作中发现了偏好和信息效应的证据。实证结果与晋升五年后收集的质量指标所获得的证据一致。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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