欧洲光伏行业协会2011年发布的光伏行业发展报告，100页


foreword 2
executive Summary 6
Status of solar power now 6
Imagining a future with a fair share of sun 6
What are the benefits? 7
How can we get there? 7
Learning from the pioneers 8
Reference for the future 8
1 Solar baSicS 9
1.1. What does photovoltaic mean? 10
1.2. Benefits of PV technology 10
a. Environmental footprint of PV 10
b. Improving grid efficiency 10
c. Making cities greener 11
d. No limits 11
1.3. Types of PV systems 11
a. Grid connected systems 12
b. Stand-alone, off-grid
and hybrid systems 13
1.4. The Solar potential 14
1.5. Example: How PV can meet
residential consumption 15
2 Solar technology
and induStry 17
2.1. PV systems 17
a. PV cells and modules 17
b. Inverters 18
c. Batteries and charge controllers 18
2.2. Photovoltaic technologies 20
a. Crystalline silicon technology 20
b. Thin Films 22
c. Concentrator photovoltaics 24
d. Third generation photovoltaics 25
e. Historical and future evolution 26
2.3. The PV value chain 27
a. Consolidation trends
in the solar industry 27
3 Solar coSt
and competitiveneSS:
towardS grid parity 29
3.1. Price competitiveness of PV 30
a. PV module price 30
b. PV system price 31
c. PV Electricity generation cost 32
d. Electricity price evolution 33
e. Market segments for PV 35
3.2. Factors affecting PV system
cost reduction 37
a. Technological innovation 37
b. Production optimisation 38
c. Economies of scale 38
d. Increasing the performance
ratio of PV systems 38
e. Extending the life of PV systems 39
f. Development of standards
and specifications 40
g. Next generation technologies 40
3.3. PV in electricity networks
and energy markets 41
a. High penetration of PV
in the grids 41
b. From centralised to decentralised
energy generation 43
contentS
4 Solar policieS 45
4.1. Policy drivers for the development
of solar PV 46
a. Feed-in Tariffs: Key driver
of solar success 46
b. Other drivers of a successful PV
market development 50
4.2. Policies in the top ten markets 53
4.3. Developing a world-wide PV
policy outlook 57
a. The European Union:
A driver of PV development
in Europe and the world 57
b. The desert is a perfect place
to develop PV energy 58
c. PV in the Sunbelt region:
Ongoing policy developments 59
d. Smart cities 59
5 Solar power market 62
5.1. History of PV markets 63
a. Europe at the forefront
of PV development 63
b. Japan and USA lead
outside Europe 63
c. Distribution of the world PV
market in 2009 64
d. Root causes of PV
market development 64
e. Future PV markets:
The Sunbelt region 65
f. A bright future for PV 65
5.2. The Greenpeace/EPIA
Solar Generation Scenarios 68
a. Methodology and assumptions 68
b. Scenario assumptions 69
5.3. Key results 72
a. Global scenario 72
b. Regional development 74
c. Employment and investment 77
d. CO2 reduction 78
6 Solar benefitS
and SuStainability 79
6.1. Economic benefits 80
6.2. Environmental factors 82
a. Climate change mitigation 82
b. Energy payback time (EPBT) 84
c. Water consumption 85
d. Recycling 85
6.3. Social aspects 86
a. Employment 86
b. Skilled labour and education 86
6.4. Rural electrification 87
liSt of acronymS 91
referenceS 93
liSt of figureS & tableS 94
image creditS 96