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http://www.sciencedirect.com/sci ... i/S0278613302006276

Abstract - selected   

Health Psychology
Volume 12, Issue 5, September 1993, Pages 399-405
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Empirical Contributions
Standardized, Individualized, Interactive, and Personalized Self-Help Programs for Smoking Cessation

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James O. Prochaskaa, , Carlo C. DiClementeb, Wayne F. Velicera and Joseph S. Rossia

aCancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, USA

bDepartment of Psychology, University of Houston, USA


Available online 20 September 2002.

Abstract
Smokers (N = 756) were randomly assigned by stage of change to (a) standardized self-help manuals (ALA+ condition), (b) individualized manuals matched to stage (TTT condition), (c) interactive expert-system computer reports plus individualized manuals (ITT condition), or (d) a personalized condition with 4 counselor calls, stage manuals, and computer reports (PITT condition). Over 18 months, the ITT group's results more than doubled those of the ALA+ group on abstinence measures. The ALA+ and TTT conditions were equivalent over 12 months, but at 18 months the TTT condition was more effective. The ITT condition was the best or comparable with the best treatment at all follow-ups for smokers at all stages of change. Results suggest that an effective expert system has been developed, and discussion focuses on delivering this system to entire populations of smokers.

Keywords: smoking cessation; self-help; stages of change; expert system

This research was supported by Grants CA27821 and CA50087 from the National Cancer Institute. Portions of these results were presented at the 7th World Conference on Tobacco and Health, Perth, Western Australia, April 1990. We thank Jeff Bellis for figure preparation.
Cancer Prevention Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 1 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881-0808