15Public company: 上市公司 公众性公司A company which has issued securities through an offering, and which are now traded on the open market. also called publicly held or publicly traded. opposite of private company.

16Shell company:   空壳公司 控股公司

Non-trading firm formed (and often listed on a stock exchange) as a vehicle to (1) raise funds before starting operations, (2) attempt a takeover, (3) for going public, or (4) as a front for an illegal business. See also shelf company.

17Corporate officers: 公司官员 The executives of a corporation charged with certain operational responsibilities. Typically appointed by the board of directors, the corporate officers usually include the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), President, and in some corporations the Chief Operating Officer.

18Piercing the corporate veil:刺破公司的面纱 公司法人人格的否认A legal concept that separates the personality of a corporation from the personalities of its shareholders, and protects them from being personally liable for the company's debts and other obligations. This protection is not ironclad or impenetrable. Where a court determines that a company's business was not conducted in accordance with the provisions of corporate legislation (or that it was just a façade for illegal activities) it may hold the shareholders personally liable for the company's obligations under the legal concept of lifting the corporate veil.

Eg： "Piercing the Corporate Veil" system gives a new remedy to creditor, but it will incur the abuse of new rights for improper use in practice

19 Share holders: One who owns shares of stock in a corporation or mutual fund. For corporations, along with the ownership comes a right to declared dividends and the right to vote on certain company matters, including the board of directors. also called stockholder.

20 Proxy vote代理表决权A vote that is cast by one entity on behalf of another. In securities, shareholders often give company management the right to cast their vote at a shareholder's meeting.

21 Registered agent: 注册代理人 Alternative term for agent for service of process.