Complex & Intelligent Systems (2023) 9:247–265
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00780-z
  ORIGINAL ARTICLE

An agent-based modeling framework for the design of a dynamic
closed-loop supply chain network
Aysegül Bozdogan1 · Latife Grkemli Aykut2        · Neslihan Demirel1
Received: 12 December 2020 / Accepted: 18 May 2022 / Published online: 28 June 2022
The Author(s) 2022

Abstract
The supply chain is a dynamic and uncertain system consisting of material, information, and fund flows betwe ...