上一节课咱们一起学习了 what is money
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-3007375-1-1.html
本周，小冰与大家分享的是 Functions of money
我相信如果用中文解释货币职能有哪些，大家肯定脱口而出
如果speak in English 呢？
大家能立刻回答上来么？
Whether money is shells or rocks or gold or paper, it has three primary functions in any economy: as a medium of exchange(交易媒介), a unit of account（计算单位）, and a store of value（价值的储藏）. Of the three functions, its function as a medium of exchange is what distinguishes money from other assets such as stocks, bonds, and houses.
Medium of Exchange
In almost all market transactions in our economy, money in the form of currency or checks is a medium of exchange; it is used to pay for goods and services. The use of money as a medium of exchange promotes economic efficiency by eliminating（节约） much of the time spent in exchanging goods and services.
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在我们经济社会所有的市场交易中，以通货和支票形式出现的货币都是交易媒介， 也就是说我们用它来对商品和劳务进行支付。利用货币作为交易媒介省去了商品和劳务交易所需的大量时间，从而提高了经济效率。
The time spent trying to exchange goods or services is called a transaction cost, In a barter economy, transaction costs are high because people have to satisfy a "double coincidence of wants"（需求的双重巧合）---they have to find someone who has goods or service they want and who also wants the goods or service they have to offer.
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在从事商品和劳务交易时所花的时间叫做交易成本。在物物交换的经济中，交易成本很高，因为人们必须满足需求的双重巧合。即他们必须找到某个人拥有自己想要的商品和劳务，而且恰恰需要自己提供的商品和劳务。
Money is therefore essential in an economy it is a lubricant (润滑剂) that allows the economy to run more smoothly by lowering transaction costs, thereby encouraging specialization and the division of labor.
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因此，货币在经济社会中，是十分重要的东西；它降低了交易成本，像润滑剂一样，能使经济更为迅捷的运行，并由此鼓励了专业化和劳动分工。
Unit of Account
The second role of money is to provide a unit of account; that is, it is used to measure value in the economy. We measure the value of goods and services in terms of money, just as we measure weight in terms of pounds or distance in terms of miles.
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货币的第二个职能是：计算单位，就是说在经济社会中人们用钱来计算商品和劳务的价值。就像用磅来称重，用英里来测量距离一样。
Money we use nowadays, no matter in the form of banknotes or coin or electronic money, do not have the same value with the goods and services that it exchanged, but it represent a particular value. That is to say, money we use in the market is fiat money.
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不管是纸钞、硬币、还是电子货币，它们本身都与要交换的商品价值并不相等. 这是因为它们本身虽然没有什么价值，但却代表了一定的价值。这也就是说，现代货币是一种名义货币。
名义货币，也叫法定货币。英文是 Fiat money。Fiat 是拉丁文，它的意思是法令、许可、批准。
Fiat money has not only no particular value in use; it doesn't even really have a value in exchange except that which is decreed that it would have.
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名义货币不仅仅没有什么特别的价值，而且在商品的交换中它本身根本没有价值。它拥有的只是法律所赋予它的价值。
So fiat money is money which is intrinsically worthless. And its value exists by virtue of the fact that it is generally acceptable. And fiat money, needless to say, is one of the most mysterious inventions of the human mind, and no economist has managed to explain exactly why it is that people will generally accept something as valuable when it clearly has no value other than that which it is decreed to have.
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因此，名义货币从它的本质来说实际上一钱不值。它的价值只在于它能够获得普遍的接受。毫无疑问，名义货币是人类最神奇的发明之一。任何经济学家都还无法确切解释，为什么人们能够把一种除了法定的价值外显然没有任何价值的东西作为宝贵的东西来普遍接受。
Store of Value
Money also functions as a store of value: it is a repository of purchasing power over time. It is an asset. It's something that we can use to store value away to be retrieved at a later point in time. So we can not consume today, we can hold money instead - and transfer that consumption power to some point in the future.
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他是一种超越时间的购买力的储藏。 是一种资产。我们可以用它把价值储存起来，在以后的某个时刻再取回。这样我们不必现在就把它用掉，而是可以存着钱，把这种消费能力转移到将来的某个时刻。
Money is not unique as a store of value; any asset, be it money，stocks, bonds, land, houses, art, or jewelry, can be used to store wealth. Many such assets have advantages over money as a store of value: They often pay the owner a higher interest rate than money, experience price appreciation, and deliver services such as providing a roof over one's head. If these assets are a more desirable store of value than money, why do people hold money at all?
The answer to this question relates to the important economic concept of liquidity, the relative ease and speed with which an asset can be converted into a medium of exchange. Liquidity is highly desirable. Money is the most liquid asset of all because it is the medium of exchange; it does not have to be converted into anything else in order to make purchases. Other assets involve transaction costs when they are converted into money.
以上选自 金融英语 中文翻译隐藏可见
更多有关货币职能的金融英语
欢迎补充~~
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