ISBN 978-3-540-77793-9 e-ISBN 978-3-540-77794-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924057
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
203pages,By Donald D. Hester
Contents
Part 1: The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy.................................1
1 Introduction .........................................................................................3
1.1 Political Role of the Federal Reserve ...........................................4
1.2 Legislative Guidance ....................................................................7
1.3 Economic Guidance......................................................................9
1.4 The Preparations for and Conduct of Open-Market! Committee Meetings.....................10
1.5 Initial Conditions ........................................................................11
2 Marriner S. Eccles and Thomas B. McCabe: 1945–1951..................13
3 William McChesney Martin, Jr. 1951–1970 .....................................19
3.1 Monetary Policy 1951:2–1960:4 ................................................19
3.2 Monetary Policy 1961:1–1970:1 ................................................27
4 Arthur F. Burns and G. William Miller: 1970–1979 .........................41
7 L) ~/ s' c& h1 c6 ]5 Paul A. Volcker: 1979–1987 ..............................57
6 Alan Greenspan: 1987–2006 .............................................................79
6.1 Monetary Policy 1987:3–1995:2 ................................................79
6.2 Monetary Policy 1995:3–2005:4 ................................................89
7 Benjamin S. Bernanke 2006– ............................................................99
8 Overview and Summary of Part 1 ...................................................111
8.1 Indicators and Instruments........................................................111
8.2 What Has Changed That Allows Control of Real Interest
Rates to Influence GDP and Inflation in the 21st Century?......116
8.3 What Considerations Are Likely to Impede the7 Effectiveness of Monetary Policy? ......118
8.4 What Guidelines for the Federal Reserve Emerge from1 This History? ...........................124
Part 2: Recovery, Growth, and Adaptation in U.S. Banking............. 131
9 Introduction: The First Twenty-Five Years.....................................133
9.1 Realizing the Boons: 1945–1960..............................................135
9.2 A Decade of Regulatory Disintegration: 1961–1970 ............... 137
10 Resolution: 1971–2007..................................................................1456
10.1 Innovations, Turbulence, and Restructuring: 1971–1983.......145
10.2 Further Waffling and Finally Absorbing the Losses: 1984–1994 ..................................155
10.3 The Aftermath: 1995–2007 .................................................... 164
11 Overview and Summary of Part 2 .................................................171
11.1 Comparing the 1920s and the 1990s.......................................171
11.2 Evaluating the Changing Returns and Risk Exposures of Clients of Banks ..................175
11.3 An Interpretation of Recent History .......................................182
11.4 The Changing Nature of Banks .............................................. 185
Postscript ............................................................................................189
Monetary Policy .............................................................................189
Financial Innovation and Regulation.............................................. 1923
References ..........................................................................................195
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